共同富裕背景下城乡人力资本鸿沟的地区差距及收敛研究  

Research on the Spatial Differentiation and Convergence of Human Capital Gap Between Urban and Rural Areas in China

作　　者：张铁刚[1] 周楠 王媛媛 刘传明[1] Zhang Tiegang;Zhou Nan;Wang Yuanyuan;Liu Chuanming(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京102206

出　　处：《数量经济研究》2022年第2期59-81,共23页The Journal of Quantitative Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新常态下完善我国宏观调控目标体系与宏观调控机制研究”(15ZDA009)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用1992~2017年中国城镇和农村人力资本数据,采用Dagum基尼系数、核密度分析方法对中国城乡人力资本鸿沟的时空分异特征进行测度,并采用变异系数对中国城乡人力资本鸿沟的σ收敛进行检验,同时对绝对β收敛、条件β收敛进行检验。研究发现:(1)1992~2017年中国城乡人力资本鸿沟的总体基尼系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,这说明城乡人力资本鸿沟的空间非均衡程度呈先上升后下降的趋势;(2)东部地区和西部地区城乡人力资本鸿沟的空间非均衡程度远远高于中部地区和东北地区;(3)区域间差异是城乡人力资本鸿沟存在空间非均衡特征的主要原因,城乡人力资本鸿沟均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛特征。中国城乡人力资本鸿沟的空间非均衡及收敛问题研究有助于缩小城乡人力资本鸿沟的区域差异,统筹“城乡人力资本鸿沟”与“区域人力资本差异”两个大局,对促进城乡人力资本和区域人力资本的均衡增长具有重要意义。Based on the data of urban and rural human capital in China from 1992 to 2017,this paper uses Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel Density analysis methods to measure the spatialtemporal differentiation characteristics of China’s urban-rural human capital gap,and uses coefficient of variation to test theσconvergence of China’s urban-rural human capital gap.The absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence were tested by spatial panel data regression model.The results show that:(1)From 1992 to 2017,the overall Gini coefficient of the urbanrural human capital gap in China shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,which indicates that the spatial imbalance degree of the urban-rural human capital gap increases first and then decreases.(2)The spatial imbalance degrees of urban-rural human capital gap in eastern and western China are much greater than that in central and northeast China;(3)Interregional differences are the main source of the spatial imbalance of the urban-rural human capital gap,and there are absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence characteristics of the urban-rural human capital gap.The research on the spatial imbalance and convergence of human capital gap between urban and rural areas in China can help to narrow the regional differences of the urban-rural human capital gap,coordinate the“urban-rural human capital gap”and“regional human capital difference”,and is of great significance to promote the balanced promotion of urban-rural human capital and regional human capital.

关 键 词：城乡人力资本鸿沟 时空分异 基尼系数 核密度 

分 类 号：F111[经济管理—国际贸易]