全国养殖用海现状评价及对策建议研究  

Current Situation Assessment and Policy Suggestion of the Sea Use for Aquaculture All over the Country

作　　者：刘文利 翟伟康[1] 范诗玥[1] 曹英志[1] 郭连杰 LIU Wenli;ZHAI Weikang;FAN Shiyue;CAO Yingzhi;GUO Lianjie(National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2022年第6期89-93,共5页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：自然资源部项目“全国养殖用海监测分析评价”。

摘　　要：为加强我国养殖用海管理和实现海水养殖业的可持续发展,文章在界定养殖用海类型的基础上,综合确权用海数据、遥感影像解译数据和官方统计数据,系统评价全国养殖用海现状及其存在的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:养殖用海包括开放式养殖用海和围海养殖用海2个类型;我国养殖用海面积总体呈现增加趋势,但近年来呈现减少趋势,且具有分布不均、以开放式养殖用海为主和围海养殖用海占用大量自然岸线的特点;目前我国养殖用海存在用海空间受到挤压、违法违规用海、受海洋灾害影响严重、海洋生态环境污染以及管理交叉和权责不明等问题。未来应推进养殖用海供给侧结构性改革,拓展蓝色养殖空间;加强海域资源用途管制,优化养殖用海空间;加强海洋生态文明建设,改善养殖海域生态环境。In order to strengthen the management of aquaculture sea and realize the sustainable development of mariculture industry in China, based on the definition of the types of aquaculture sea, this paper comprehensively evaluated the current situation and existing problems of aquaculture sea in China, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions. The results showed that the aquaculture sea usage included open mariculture and cofferdam mariculture. The area of aquaculture sea had shown an overall increasing trend, but a decreasing trend in recent years, and had the characteristics of uneven distribution, mainly open mariculture and cofferdam mariculture occupying a large number of natural shorelines. At present, there were some problems in China′s aquaculture sea, such as the squeeze of sea space, illegal use of sea, serious impact of marine disasters, marine ecological environment pollution, cross management and unclear rights and responsibilities. In the future, we should promote the supply side structural reform of aquaculture sea and expand the space of blue aquaculture, strengthen the control of the use of sea resources and optimize the sea space for aquaculture, reinforce the construction of marine ecological civilization and improve the ecological environment of aquaculture sea areas.

关 键 词：养殖用海 海水养殖 围海养殖 开放式养殖 海洋生态环境 

分 类 号：S967[农业科学—水产养殖] P745[农业科学—水产科学]