宽口裂腹鱼的人工催产、胚胎发育及早期仔鱼发育观察  

Artificial propagation,embryonic and early larval development of Schizothorax eurystomus

作　　者：夏子惠 赵贺 邱梦 聂竹兰[1] 陈克迅 李学涛 秦晓芳 魏杰[1] XIA Zihui;ZHAO He;QIU Meng;NIE Zhulan;CHEN Kexun;LI Xuetao;QIN Xiaofang;WEI Jie(College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction, State Kay Laboratory Breeding Base for The Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-funded by Xinjiang Corps and The Ministry of Science and Technology, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆生产建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室,省部共建塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用国家重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2022年第3期471-481,共11页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560721,31860729);新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2018CB033);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI201918);国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010757007);中国海洋大学塔里木大学科研合作联合基金项目(ZHYLH201902)。

摘　　要：为实现宽口裂腹鱼Schizothorax eurystomus的人工养殖和资源增殖,2019年在新疆克孜勒河进行了该鱼(亲鱼体质量93.26~317.22 g)的人工繁殖试验,研究了宽口裂腹鱼人工繁殖、胚胎发育及早期仔鱼发育情况。结果表明:不同剂量的催产药物和水温条件对宽口裂腹鱼催产效果和孵化率有显著性影响,最适催产药物组合为鱼脑垂体(PG)10.27 mg/kg+人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)300.00 IU/kg+促黄体生成素释放激素A_(2)(LHRH-A_(2))19.41μg/kg,最适孵化水温为16.0~17.0℃;宽口裂腹鱼繁殖期主要集中在4月下旬—5月中旬,受精卵吸水后卵径为(3.43±0.11)mm,历经胚盘、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和出膜7个阶段;受精至仔鱼孵出共经过145 h 48 min,总积温为2364.80℃·h;初孵仔鱼全长为(8.03±0.15)mm,出膜480 h后卵黄囊被完全吸收,此时全长为(20.17±0.96)mm。研究表明,通过人为控制温度和催产药物种类、剂量,可实现宽口裂腹鱼规模化人工繁殖。Broodstock Schizothorax eurystomus collected from Kizil River Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was induced to spawn by hormone injection of pituitary gland(PG),human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs(LHRH-A_(2))at various doses and artificial hatchery methods at water temperature from 10℃to 20℃in a 1℃interval in 2019 to accomplish farming and stock enhancement of S.eurystomus.The results showed that success rate and hatching rate were significantly varied with the doses of hormones and water temperature,with the optimal hormone combinations of PG at 10.27 mg/kg,HCG at 300.00 IU/kg and LHRH-A_(2) of 19.41μg/kg.In April and May 2019,the fertilized eggs of S.eurystomus were obtained by artificial propagation,and the development of embryo and larva was observed under artificial incubation conditions,with the optimum incubation water temperature of 16.0-17.0℃.S.eurystomus had egg diameters of(2.50±0.24)mm,and reached(3.43±0.11)mm after water swelling;under the condition of water temperature(16.19±0.08)℃,the fertilized eggs were hatched in 145 h and 48 min,with the total accumulated temperature of 2364.80℃·h.The embryonic development process experienced seven stages:embryo disc,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neuroembryo,organogenesis and hatching.The newly hatched larvae had total length of(8.03±0.15)mm and the yolk sac total length of(20.17±0.96)mm,with the completely exhausted yolk sac at(17.88±0.44)℃for 480 h.The findings further enrich the early life history data of S.eurystomus and then provide essential data including water temperature regulation,and choice of hormone and dose for resources protection,and large scale artificial propagation of S.eurystomus.

关 键 词：宽口裂腹鱼 克孜勒河 人工催产 胚胎发育 早期仔鱼发育 

分 类 号：S961.2[农业科学—水产养殖]