2017—2018年长海县浮筏养殖虾夷扇贝生长和存活差异分析  

Differences in growth and survival of Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis cultured on floating raft in Changhai County between 2017 and 2018

作　　者：周凯 刘超 孔宁 衣启麟 杨传燕 ZHOU Kai;LIU Chao;KONG Ning;YI Qilin;YANG Chuanyan(Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋动物免疫学重点实验室,辽宁省海洋动物免疫学与疫病防控重点实验室,大连市水产养殖病害防控重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2022年第3期482-488,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2018YFD0900601);辽宁省长海县扇贝产业科技特派团项目(LNKTP2016-13);大连市海洋资源与生态环境特派团项目。

摘　　要：为揭示环境因子与虾夷扇贝能量代谢及免疫防御能力的关系,分别于2017年和2018年的同期(3、5、6、7月)对长海县浮筏养殖虾夷扇贝进行4次调查取样,对虾夷扇贝的壳长、体质量、肥满度、存活率和患病率等生长相关指标的年际差异及其影响因子进行了研究。结果表明:2018年长海县养殖海区水温在3、6、7月显著低于2017年同期(P<0.05),溶解氧含量在3、6、7月则显著高于2017年同期(P<0.05);2018年虾夷扇贝6、7月的壳长、7月的体质量、5—7月的肥满度均显著高于2017年同期(P<0.05);2018年虾夷扇贝3、6月的闭壳肌糖原含量,5—6月、6—7月的存活率均显著高于2017年同期(P<0.05);2018年虾夷扇贝3、6、7月的闭壳肌SOD活性,5、6月的闭壳肌MDA含量,3、5、6月闭壳肌的HSP70含量,以及5—6月、6—7月的患病率均显著低于2017年同期(P<0.05)。研究表明,在适宜的环境条件下,扇贝的免疫反应强度降低,闭壳肌积累了更多的糖原,从而为其他生理活动提供更充足的能量储备,促进浮筏养殖虾夷扇贝的健康生长,进而降低患病率,提高存活率。该研究结果将为长海县和其他相似海区浮筏养殖虾夷扇贝的病害预警预报及健康养殖提供数据支撑和理论基础。In order to reveal the relationship among environmental factors,energy metabolism and immune defense ability of Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis,the interannual differences in growth related indices including shell length,body weight,condition factor,survival rate and prevalence as well as their influencing factors were surveyed in Yesso scallop cultured in floating raft in Changhai County(39°17′23″N,122°44′18″E),Dalian Liaoning province,China,in March,May,June and July of 2017 and 2018.The results showed that the water temperature was significantly lower in the aquaculture sea area of Changhai County in March,June and July of 2018 than that in the same period of 2017(P<0.05),while the dissolved oxygen contents in March,June and July was significantly higher than that in the same period of 2017(P<0.05).The shell length,body weight and condifition of the scallop in June and July of 2018 were significantly higher than those in the same period in 2017(P<0.05).The glycogen contents in adductor muscle were significantly higher in the scallop in March and June of 2018 and the survival rate from May to June and June to July than those in the same period of 2017(P<0.05).In 2018,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in adductor muscle of the scallop in March,June and July,the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in adductor muscle of scallop in May and June,the content of heat shock protein(HSP70)in adductor muscle of the scallop in March,May and June,and the prevalence from May to June and June to July were significantly lower than those in the same period in 2017(P<0.05).It was found that the immune response intensity of scallop under appropriate environmental conditions is reduced,and the adductor muscle accumulate more glycogen,so as to provide more sufficient energy reserves for other physiological activities,which further reduce the prevalence,improve the survival rate and promote the healthy growth of scallops in floating raft culture.The findings will provide data support and theoretical basis for ea

关 键 词：虾夷扇贝 生产性状 环境因子 能量代谢 免疫反应 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]