大国政治的货币维度——冷战金融起源、美元霸权及对俄金融制裁  

The Monetary Dimension of Great Power Politics:The Financial Origin of the Cold War,the U.S.Dollar Hegemony and Financial Sanctions against Russia

作　　者：李黎明 Li Liming

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学美国研究所,长春130024

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2022年第4期50-69,I0003,共21页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“移民、流动性与美利坚文明研究”(编号:20JJD770002)。

摘　　要：二战后,马歇尔计划不仅实现了布雷顿森林体系在西欧落地,成为美元霸权体系的起点,也将货币维度嵌入大国政治博弈之中。尤其是在冷战秩序形成过程中,货币所扮演的角色,既加速了全球秩序的裂变,又实现了西方阵营的整合,因而冷战秩序不仅是两个地缘政治集团的对抗,也是两种货币金融秩序的竞争。在20世纪60—70年代,美元霸权体系实现了迭代与升级。冷战结束之后,随着“全球化”,美元霸权体系从区域性货币霸权体系演变为全球性货币霸权体系。21世纪以来,美元越来越具有“武器化”色彩。俄乌冲突爆发之后,美欧为主体的西方对俄罗斯采取了全方位的货币金融制裁和封锁。这是冷战货币与安全秩序的复活,也进一步凸显了美元的“武器化”趋向,折射出当代国际政治的复杂面相。After World War II,the Marshall Plan not only realized the implementation of the Bret-ton Woods system in Western Europe and became the starting point of the dollar hegemony system,but also embedded the currency dimension into the political game of great powers.Especially in the process of forming the Cold War order,the role of currency has not only ac-celerated the fission of the global order,but also achieved the integration of the Western camp.Therefore,the Cold War order is not only a confrontation between two geopolitical groups,but also a competition between two monetary and financial orders.In the 1960s and 1970s,the dollar hegemony system achieved iterations and upgrades.After the end of the Cold War,with the“globalization”,the dollar hegemony system has evolved from a regional currency hegemony system to a global one.Since the beginning of the 21st century,the US dollar has become more and more“weaponized”.After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukraini-an conflict,the West,dominated by the United States and Europe,adopted a full range of monetary and financial sanctions and blockades against Russia.This is the revival of the Cold War currency and security order,and it further highlights the“weaponization”trend of the US dollar,reflecting the complex face of contemporary international politics.

关 键 词：冷战起源 大国政治博弈 美元霸权 马歇尔计划 货币金融 安全战略 对俄金融制裁 

分 类 号：F872[经济管理]