象山港周边主要入海污染物特征研究  

Research on characteristics of main pollutants entering the sea around Xiangshan Bay

作　　者：叶林安 费岳军[2] 王琼[2] 朱志清[2] 刘莲[2] 李冬玲[3] 刘桂云[1] YE Linan;FEI Yuejun;WANG Qiong;ZHU Zhiqing;LIU Lian;LI Dongling;LIU Guiyun(Faculty of Maritime and Transportation,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315832,China;Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center,SOA,Ningbo 315040,China;Department of Geography&Spatial Information Techniques,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海运学院,浙江宁波315832 [2]国家海洋局宁波海洋环境监测中心站,浙江宁波315040 [3]宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《海洋通报》2022年第2期215-223,共9页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41776193,41876215);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402405);自然资源部东海局青年科技基金(202011);宁波市海洋与渔业专项资金项目(甬海办【2016】46号;甬海办【2015】16号)。

摘　　要：根据2010—2019年象山港主要入海污染物监测数据,对主要污染物(化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP))的年变化、月变化,主要污染物的浓度、入海通量及其影响因素进行了分析研究。结果表明:主要污染物COD、TN和TP的入海污染物浓度年变化呈现先升高后下降的趋势,均在2015年达到最大值;月变化较高值主要出现在冬季的1—3月,且主要集中在港底附近入海口。通过对主要污染物的入海通量估算,发现河流入海污染物以颜公河贡献最大,水闸入海污染物中COD以红胜海塘1号闸贡献最大,占比27.7%,其次为大嵩江水闸和红胜海塘3号闸;TN以三山大闸贡献最大,占入海总量的91.0%,其余均较低;TP以三山大闸贡献最大,占比25.1%,横江闸次之,但总体上均呈现一定的降低趋势。COD主要受水土流失和生活污染影响,TN和TP主要受农业和水土流失影响。最后,以宁海颜公河入海污染为例,分析了其对邻近海域生态环境的影响,发现入海污染物对邻近海域生态环境影响较大,建议加强陆源入海污染物的排放管理。Based on the monitoring data of pollutants entering the sea from Xiangshan Bay during 2010 to 2019, the annual and monthly changes of the main pollutants including chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), the concentration of the main pollutants,the flux into the sea and the influencing factors were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of COD, TN and TP increased at first and then decreased, and reached their maximum values in 2015. The higher monthly changes mainly occurred from January to March in winter,and the pollutants concentrated near the estuary of the port. Through the estimation of the discharge flux of the main pollutants into the sea, it was found that the contribution of the pollutants from the river into the sea was the largest,and the COD from the sluice into the sea was the largest,accounting for 27.7% in Hongsheng Haitang No. 1 Sluice,followed by the Great Songjiang Sluice and Hongsheng Haitang No. 3 Sluice. The contribution of TN was the largest in Sanshan Sluice(91.0%), and the others were lower. The contribution of TP was the largest(25.1%) in Sanshan Sluice and followed by Hengjiang Sluice, but there was a decreasing trend in the whole. COD was mainly affected by soil and water loss and domestic pollution,TN and TP were mainly affected by agriculture and soil and water loss. At last, taking the pollution of Yangong River into the sea as an example, this paper analyzed its impact on the ecological environment of the adjacent sea area, and found that the pollution entering the sea had a great impact on the ecological environment of the adjacent sea area. It was recommended to strengthen the management of the discharge of land-sourced pollutants into the sea.

关 键 词：象山港 入海污染物 入海通量 生态环境影响 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]