果蔗健康种苗田间效果评价  

Field Effect Evaluation of Healthy Seed Canes of Chewing Cane

作　　者：陈培华 鲍涵 陈培寿[2] 沈万宽[2] CHEN Peihua;BAO Han;CHEN Peishou;SHEN Wankuan(Agricultural Technology Service Center of Dongyong Town,Nansha District,Guangzhou 511453;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University/Sugarcane Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642)

机构地区：[1]广州市南沙区东涌镇农业技术服务中心,广州511453 [2]华南农业大学农学院/华南农业大学甘蔗研究室,广州510642

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第16期1-5,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目“广东省甘蔗剑麻产业技术体系创新团队”(2022KJ104-07);广州市科技计划项目“果蔗种苗提纯复壮关键技术研究与集成应用”(201604020087);广东省农业科技特派员项目“果蔗提质增效关键技术集成示范”(2018A0131)。

摘　　要：甘蔗宿根矮化病(ratoon stunting disease,RSD)和花叶病(sugarcane mosaic disease,SMD)是引起果蔗种性退化的主要原因,其有效的防治方法是种植果蔗健康种苗。为评价果蔗健康种苗的田间效果,笔者进行果蔗健康种苗与其普通种茎苗新植田间比较试验,并应用分子检测技术对种苗甘蔗宿根矮化病菌和甘蔗花叶病病原病毒(甘蔗花叶病毒、高粱花叶病毒及甘蔗线条花叶病毒)进行检测。结果表明,果蔗健康种苗较其普通种茎苗蔗茎产量增产23.85%,甘蔗蔗糖分提高0.36个百分点;茎长增长20.6 cm、节间增长2.47 cm、单茎重增重0.65 kg;萌芽快,萌芽率提高24.6个百分点,分蘖率提高18.4个百分点,但两者的有效茎数差异不明显。健康种苗未检测出甘蔗宿根矮化病菌及甘蔗花叶病毒、高粱花叶病毒、甘蔗线条花叶病毒。研究表明,果蔗健康种苗具有显著的增产提质效果。Ratoon stunting disease(RSD) and sugarcane mosaic disease(SMD) are considered to be the main cause of the degeneration of chewing cane cultivars. It is an available method to control RSD and SMD through planting healthy seed canes. To evaluate the effect of healthy seed canes in field, a comparative trial of healthy seed canes and common seed canes of chewing cane was conducted on newly planted chewing canes in 2018,and molecular detection techniques were used to detect RSD pathogens and pathogenic virus of SMD,including sugarcane mosaic virus(SCMV), sorghum mosaic virus(SrMV) and sugarcane streak mosaic virus(SCSMV). The trial results indicated that the cane yield and sucrose content of healthy seed canes were23.85% and 0.36 percentage points(absolute value, the same below) higher than those of common seed canes,respectively. The results also showed that the stalk length, internode length and single stem weight of healthy seed canes significantly increased by 20.6 cm, 2.47 cm and 0.65 kg, respectively, and the germination rate and the tillering rate were 24.6% and 18.4% higher than those of common seed canes, respectively, but the number of millable stalks per square meter was similar between the two. In addition, no RSD pathogen, SCMV, SrMV and SCSMV were detected in healthy seed canes. The study shows that the healthy seed canes of chewing cane have significant effect on increasing cane yield and improving cane quality.

关 键 词：果蔗 宿根矮化病 花叶病 健康种苗 分子检测 

分 类 号：S435.661[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]