中国构建和完善海外权益保护机制的基础条件、挑战及对策  

Basic Conditions,Challenges and Countermeasures for China to Build and Improve Its Overseas Rights and Interests Protection Mechanism

作　　者：胡子南 李梓元 HU Zinan;LI Ziyuan(Tongji University;Xiamen Institute of Technology)

机构地区：[1]同济大学外国语学院 [2]同济大学德国研究中心 [3]厦门工学院商学院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2022年第6期34-43,共10页Intertrade

摘　　要：当前,中国正承受越来越多来自美国的经济制裁、出口管制和科技封锁;同时,欧盟也在完善对华经贸防御机制。在此背景下,中国围绕着反制裁、反干涉和反长臂管辖加快涉外立法,陆续推出了《不可靠实体清单规定》《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》《反外国制裁法》。中国拥有全球最具规模和发展潜力的消费市场以及较为完善的现代工业体系,已经初步具备了维护海外权益的基本条件,能够给西方以一定牵制。同时,中国在实施“对等”反制上仍面临极大挑战。这主要是由于中国在科技实力以及人民币国际化等方面与美国存在较大差距,而且还面临着极为复杂的国际环境。因此,建议中国继续加强完善相关制度建设,但是要有意维持反制措施的“模糊化”;遵循“一事一议”原则,根据实际情况进行“精准反制”;充分利用反垄断、出口管制和外商投资审查等进行联动反击;此外,还可尝试分别与欧盟和俄罗斯等就反对美国单边制裁以及经济胁迫进行合作。At present,China is under more and more economic sanctions,export controls and technology blockades from the United States;at the same time,the EU is also improving its economic and trade defense mechanism against China.Against this background,China has accelerated foreign-related legislation around anti-sanctions,anti-interference and anti-long-arm jurisdiction,and has successively introduced“Provisions on the Unreliable Entity Lists”,“The Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extraterritorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures”,and“Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law”.China has the world’s largest consumer market with development potential and a relatively complete modern industrial system,and has initially met the basic conditions for safeguarding overseas rights and interests,which can restrain the West to a certain extent.Meanwhile,China still faces great challenges in implementing“reciprocal”countermeasures.This is mainly due to the large gap between China and the United States in terms of scientific and technological strength and the RMB internationalization,as well as the extremely complex international environment.Therefore,it is recommended to continue to strengthen and improve the construction of relevant systems,but intentionally maintain the“fuzziness”of countermeasures;follow the principle of“one case,one discussion”and carry out“precise countermeasures”according to the actual situation;make full use of joint counterattack with anti-monopoly,export control and foreign investment review.In addition,China can also try to cooperate with the EU and Russia on opposing unilateral US sanctions and economic coercion,respectively.

关 键 词：海外权益保护机制 长臂管辖 《反外国制裁法》 《不可靠实体清单规定》 《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》 

分 类 号：D922.295[政治法律—经济法学]