关键金属铊的地球化学性质与成矿  

Geochemistry and mineralization of a critical element:Thallium

作　　者：段泓羽 王长明[1,2] DUAN HongYu;WANG ChangMing(School of Earth Science and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2022年第6期1771-1794,共24页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(92162101);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41872080);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0714802);地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室科技部专项经费(MSFGPMR201804)联合资助.

摘　　要：铊是一种稀散元素,具有“亲石”和“亲硫”双重地球化学性质。岩浆系统中铊与铷、钾等大离子亲石元素的行为相似,表现出强烈的不相容性。源区特征、俯冲带热结构、岩浆分异演化过程共同制约了铊在弧岩浆中的再循环与富集程度。岩浆-热液系统中铊与金、砷、锑、汞、镉等元素相似,表现出强烈的挥发性,在整个系统的最远端发生富集。热水溶液中铊的来源具有多样性,控制铊在热液中发生迁移/沉淀的因素包括体系的酸碱度(pH)、氧逸度(Eh)、硫逸度(f_(S))、铊的初始浓度(C_(0))、温度(T)和砷、氯等离子的浓度,但是有机质在这一过程中起到的作用仍不明确。本文统计了全球148处铊矿物发现地和(含)铊矿床的成矿地质背景、地球化学特征和成矿机制,进行了系统梳理与综合对比分析,得出了全球铊矿化的分布特征与成矿规律。将具有潜在工业价值的(含)铊矿床划分成7种成因类型,包括浅成低温热液含铊Au-Ag矿床、沉积岩容矿Sb-As-Hg-Tl矿床、卡林型含铊Au矿床、类卡林型含铊Au矿床、VMS型含铊Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag矿床、SEDEX型含铊Zn-Pb-Ag矿床和MVT型含铊Zn-Pb矿床。同时,本文也简要评估了全球铊资源供应现状,认为未来铊资源量供应不足的情况将时有发生。Thallium is a rare and dispersed metallic element with both lithophile and chalcophile properties.It conducts strong incompatibility behavior in magmatic systems akin to that of rubidium,potassium and other LILEs.Source features,thermal structures of the subduction zone as well as magmatic differentiation process jointly restrict the recycling and enrichment of thallium in arc magmas.Thallium shows similar behavior to that of elements such as gold,arsenic,antimony,mercury,and cadmium in magmatic-hydrothermal systems for its strong volatility,and it tends to be enriched at the farthest end of the whole system.The sources of thallium in hydrothermal soluions are diverse.Factors controlling the migration/precipitation of thallium in hydrothermal fluids may include acidity,oxygen and sulfur fugacity,initial enrichment of thalium,temperature as well as arsenic and chorine concentrarion,while uncertainty remains whether organic materials be involved or not.In this paper,148 Tl-mineral bearing occurrances,Tl mineralizations or thallium(-bearing)deposits were summarized,and the distribution characteristics of global thallium mineralization were obtained.We divided those thallium(-bearing)deposits into seven metallogenic types,including Tl-bearing epithermal Au-Ag deposit,sedimentary-hosted Sb-As-Hg-Tl deposit,Tl-bearing Carlin-type Au deposit,Tl-bearing Carlin-style Au deposit,Tl-bearing VMS Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag deposit,Tl-bearing SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag deposit,and Tl-bearing MVT Zn-Pb deposit.Finally,this paper briefly conducts a thallium-resource assessment,and indicates that the insufficient supply of thallium may occur from time to time in the future.

关 键 词：铊 (含)铊矿床 成因类型 铊资源评估 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P618.88[天文地球—地质学]