“嘉绒”地名考释  

Textual Research on the Place Name of rGyal rong

作　　者：才让太 Tshe ring thar

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国藏学》2022年第2期41-51,214,215,共13页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究项目“象雄文明多种古文献搜集整理与研究”(项目号:21VJXT021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：原始苯教的年神信仰和穆氏东迁嘉绒的历史营造了穆尔多神山信仰的社会历史基础,以穆尔多神山为中心地理坐标,以大小金川为文化核心区域,由斯贝嘉姆保佑的炎热的峡谷“嘉姆擦瓦绒”即“嘉绒”的地理概念大约在7世纪甚至可能更早的时期已经形成。“嘉绒”在7世纪被汉文史籍音译为“嘉良”最早出现在《隋书》中。“东方嘉姆绒”的概念,在10世纪被直译为“东女国”出现在《旧唐书》中。藏文文献对“嘉绒”这个地名的记载晚于汉文文献,藏文文献于12世纪才第一次记述了“嘉姆擦瓦绒”,13世纪第一次将“东方嘉姆绒”载入史册。因为不仅藏文产生年代比汉文晚很多,而且在长期秉持扬佛抑苯政策的吐蕃王室以及后弘期不同的佛教地方政权主导下,以“佛教源流”为历史文献主要范式的藏族历史学完全依附于佛教的传播和发展历史,盛行苯教的嘉绒地方从来没有进入到主流的藏传佛教历史学家们的视野。从15世纪宗喀巴大师的高足擦阔·阿旺扎巴被派到安多地区建寺和传教,嘉绒才开始受到卫藏佛教上层势力的关注。“嘉绒”地名的内涵及其所表现的地缘结构的最后形成经历了一个漫长的历史过程,这个过程也提醒我们,在任何学术研究中关注多民族文化之间的交往交流和交融的重要性。The original Bon religion’s gNyan belief and the history of Mu cIan’s eastward migration to rGyal rong created the social and historical foundation of the belief in dMu rdo Mountain.With the dMu rdo Mountain as the central geographical coordinate and Jinchuan as the cultural core area,the geographical concept of the hot canyon"rGyal mo tsha ba rong",or"rGyal rong",blessed by Srid-pavi rGyal-mo,was formed around the 7 th century and possibly earlier."rGyal rong"was transliterated as"Jia liang"in Chinese historical books in the 7 th century and first appeared in the Book of Sui.The concept of"Oriental rGyal mo rong",which was literally translated as"Dong Nv guo"(Eastern Kingdom of Women)in the 10 th century,appeared in the Old Book of Tang.Tibetan literature recorded the place name"rGyal rong"later than Chinese literature.Tibetan literature first recorded"rGyal mo tsha ba rong"in the 12 th century,and"Oriental rGyal mo rong was recorded for the first time in the 13 th century.This is because not only the Tibetan language was produced much later than the Chinese language,but also under the leadership of the Tubo royal family,which had long adhered to the policy of promoting Buddhism and suppressing Bon,and the different local Buddhist regimes in the later dissemination period of Tibetan Buddhism,the Tibetan historiography with"Buddhist origin"as the main paradigm is completely attached to the history of the spread and development of Buddhism,therefore the rGyal rong area where Bon religion is prevalent has never entered the field of vision of mainstream Tibetan Buddhist historians.In the 15 th century,it was only until Tsong kha pa’s disciple Tsha-kho Ngag-dbang Grags-pa was sent to build a monastery and preach in the Amdo area that rGyal rong area began to receive the attention of the Buddhist upper class in dBus and gTsang.The connotation of the place name"rGyal rong"and the final formation of the geographic structure it represents have gone through a long historical process.This process also reminds us of t

关 键 词：嘉绒地名 考释 穆尔多 嘉良 东女国 

分 类 号：K281[历史地理—历史学]