被害人过错在犯罪构成体系中的地位与不法分担  

The Victim’s Fault——The Argument of Returning the Crime Constitution System from the Circumstances of Sentencing

作　　者：聂立泽[1] 刘林群 Nie Li-ze;Liu Lin-qun(School of Law,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《政法学刊》2022年第3期44-50,共7页Journal of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：刑法意义上的被害人过错有别于生活意义上的被害人过错。将被害人过错定性为酌定量刑情节不仅忽视了其在犯罪构成中的体系性地位,导致犯罪认定出现偏差,更加剧其在量刑中被有意无意忽略的风险,导致罚过其罪。事实上,犯罪行为人与有过错的被害人共同分担不法与责任,关系到罪质有无、罪量大小的认定。被害人过错本质是“被害人不法”,对其进行评价不会对被害人造成二次伤害。特殊、急性的被害人过错可以作为正当防卫的认定标准,但不能一概将该标准套用于其他被害人过错情形的认定,否则会导致将慢性、长期的被害人过错与轻缓、即时的被害人过错等情形错误地排除出犯罪构成体系,致使不法与责任完全由犯罪行为人一人承担,有损个案公正。The victim’s fault in criminal law is different from the victim’s fault in life.Taking the victim’s fault as the discretionary circumstances of sentencing not only ignores the systematic status of the victim’s fault in the constitution of the crime,but also leads to the deviation in the determination of the crime.It is more likely to lead to the fact that this situation is intentionally or unintentionally ignored in practice and punished.The victim’s fault is part of the criminal constitution system,which causes the victim and the doer to share the lawlessness and responsibility together,which not only affects the quality of the crime,but also affects the size of the crime.The essence of the victim’s fault is"wrongful victim",and the evaluation of it will not cause secondary harm to the victim.Special and acute victim’s fault can be used as the standard of self-defense,but this standard can’t be applied to other victim’s fault situations,otherwise it will lead to the chronic and long-term victim’s fault and leniency and instant victim’s fault being mistakenly excluded from the criminal constitution system,resulting in the illegality and responsibility being completely borne by the perpetrator,which is detrimental to the justice of the case.

关 键 词：被害人过错 量刑情节 消极犯罪构成要素 分担不法 

分 类 号：D613[政治法律—政治学]