适龄儿童口服轮状病毒活疫苗流行病学效果评估  

Epidemiological evaluation of oral rotavirus live vaccine among age eligible children

作　　者：张小娟 华瑞珏 孙明方 张丽华 翁长梅 黄瑾 ZHANG Xiao-juan;HUA Rui-jue;SUN Ming-fang;ZHANG Li-hua;WENG Chang-mei;HUANG Jin(Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200012,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心,上海200072 [2]上海市静安区彭浦新村社区卫生服务中心 [3]上海市静安区芷江西社区卫生服务中心 [4]上海市静安区天目西社区卫生服务中心

出　　处：《江苏预防医学》2022年第3期269-271,355,共4页Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市闸北区科委青年项目:适龄儿童口服轮状病毒疫苗应用及效果评估(2014QN08)。

摘　　要：目的 评估适龄儿童口服轮状病毒活疫苗后的流行病学效果,为婴幼儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻的防治策略提供数据支持。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法,按1∶2比例选取接种组和未接种组适龄儿童共750名,每2个月随访1次,为期1年,收集腹泻发生、就诊、接触情况,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 随访4个月之后,未接种组、接种1剂疫苗组、接种2~3剂疫苗组腹泻发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.157,P=0.046),未接种组发生腹泻的概率最高,达4.0%;接种组、未接种组腹泻频次、持续时间差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.105,P=0.078;χ^(2)=2.555,P=0.110);接种疫苗发生腹泻的相对危险度(RR)为0.83(95%CI:0.57~1.21),疫苗保护率为17.0%(95%CI:-21.3%~43.0%)。结论 适龄儿童口服轮状病毒活疫苗短期内可以有效减少腹泻的发生,保护效果需进一步观察。Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effect of oral rotavirus live vaccine among age eligible children;to provide data support for prevention and treatment strategies of infantile rotavirus infectious diarrhea. Methods Based on the 1∶2 ratio principle, prospective cohort study was conducted, in which totally 750 non vaccinated children in Zhabei District of Shanghai were selected.All subjects were followed up once every two months for 1 year. The data of occurrence, treatment and exposure of diarrhea were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results After 4 months of follow-up, there were statistical differences between the incidences of infantile rotavirus infectious diarrhea in the non-vaccination group, 1-dose vaccine group and the 2-3 dose vaccine group(χ^(2)=6.157,P=0.046);the incidence of infantile rotavirus infectious diarrhea in the non-vaccination group was the highest(4.0%);there were no statistical differences for frequencies and durations of diarrhea between the non-vaccination group and the vaccination group(χ^(2)=3.105,P=0.078;χ^(2)=2.555,P=0.110);the relative risk(RR) was 0.83(95%CI:0.57-1.21) for the vaccination group;the protective rate of oral rotavirus live vaccine was 17.0%(95%CI:-21.3%-43.0%). Conclusion The oral rotavirus live vaccine can effectively reduce the incidence of diarrhea among age eligible children in short term peroid. Further studies need to be conducted for the protective effect of the vaccine.

关 键 词：口服轮状病毒活疫苗 流行病学 效果评估 适龄儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]