中东太平洋赤道公海海域鱿钓渔业自主休渔效果初步评价  

Preliminary evaluation of the seasonal moratorium of squid fishery on the high seas in the equatorial waters of Central Eastern Pacific

作　　者：蒋明峰 陈新军[1,2,3,4] JIANG Mingfeng;CHEN Xinjun(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2022年第3期670-676,共7页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901401);农业农村部远洋渔业公海自主休渔效果评价与优化专项(D-8021-21-0049)。

摘　　要：为评估公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护效果,根据2016年12月—2021年8月中东太平洋赤道海域我国远洋鱿钓生产统计数据,利用灰色关联等方法,对休渔前后的渔获量、捕捞努力量(作业天数)、单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)及作业渔场重心的时空分布进行量化分析。结果显示,休渔后(2020年12月—2021年8月)总体CPUE平均达6.34t/d,相比休渔前(2016年12月—2020年8月)增加显著(P<0.05),除渔汛初期12月外,休渔后1—8月各月CPUE均比休渔前同期有提升。灰色关联分析表明,2017—2021年各年度在经度上CPUE灰色关联度分别为0.739、0.761、0.697、0.721和0.892,在纬度上CPUE灰色关联度分别为0.656、0.799、0.621、0.721和0.803,休渔后(2021年)CPUE状况较休渔前有所好转。休渔前后的作业渔场重心有明显差异,休渔后作业渔场的重心大幅向西偏移,高产海域由休渔前的114°W~118°W扩大为休渔后的95°W~118°W。研究表明,为期3个月的公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护和可持续利用起到了积极的作用,研究为短生命周期种类的渔业资源管理和科学养护提供了成功案例和实践经验。The main objective of the project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the seasonal moratorium on conservation of Jumbo Flying Squid(Dosidicus gigas) stock in the equatorial waters of Central Eastern Pacific. Based on catching data from December, 2016 to August, 2021, the spatial-temporal variations of catch effort, catch per unit effort(CPUE) and fishing ground gravity center were analyzed by using Grey correlation analysis and other methods. The results showed that: The average CPUE after the seasonal moratorium came to 6.34 t/d, which was significantly higher than that before the moratorium(P<0.05). The grey correlation grades on longitude from 2017 to 2021 were 0.739, 0.761, 0.697, 0.721 and 0.892, respectively, and the grey correlation grades of latitude from 2017 to 2021 were 0.656, 0.799, 0.621, 0.721 and 0.803, respectively. The stock condition after the fishing moratorium was better than that before the fishing moratorium. The fishing ground gravity center after the fishing moratorium moved westwards significantly, which was different from that before the fishing moratorium. The fishing area with high production expanded from 114°W-118°W to 95°W-118°W. On the one hand, the fishing moratorium played a positive role on the conservation and sustainable use of the squid stock in the equatorial waters of Central Eastern Pacific. On the other hand, the study provided successful cases and practical experience for the fish stock management and scientific conservation of short life cycle species.

关 键 词：茎柔鱼 公海自主休渔 捕捞努力量渔获量 灰色关联分析 中东太平洋赤道海域 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]