学龄前儿童饮食行为与生长发育及其相关性分析  

Investigation and correlation analysis of dietary behavior problems with growth and development of children aged 3-6 years

作　　者：孙晶晶 罗丽丝 崔继华[1] 宋玉[1] 许榛[1] 杨艳飞[1] 凌昱[1] SUN Jingjing;LUO Lisi;CUI Jihua;SONG Yu;XU Zhen;YANG Yanfei;LING Yu(Department of Child Health,Kunming Municipal Children′s Hospital,Yunnan Kunming 650228,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市儿童医院儿童保健科,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2022年第5期85-90,共6页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：昆明市卫生科技人才培养/技术中心建设科研项目[2018-SW(后备)-15]。

摘　　要：目的 探讨学龄前儿童饮食行为问题与体格发育的相关性,为儿童饮食行为异常干预措施的制定提供参考。方法 选择2019年5月至2020年12月在昆明市儿童医院儿童保健科就诊的年龄为3~6周岁1 673例学龄前儿童为研究对象,按照月龄将其分为36~48月龄组、49~60月龄组、61~72月龄组。应用偏挑食诊断工具(IMFeD)对儿童饮食行为问题进行调查,并对儿童饮食行为问题与其体质量指数(BMI)百分位数进行相关性分析。结果 ①消瘦和超重及肥胖的检出率分别为14.52%(243/1 673)、10.40%(174/1 673)、6.69%(112/1 673)。②各月龄组儿童在胃口差、对某种食物特别偏好、不良进食习惯及潜在疾病状态饮食行为方面分布差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为17.646、291.500、17.889、10.858,P<0.01);胃口差、不良进食习惯、害怕进食和潜在疾病状态与儿童BMI百分位数均呈负相关(r分别为-0.671、-0.523、-0.342、-0.237,P<0.001);有序多元类逻辑回归分析显示,儿童BMI百分位数与年龄、胃口差、对某种食物特别偏好、不良进食习惯、父母过度关心、害怕进食及潜在疾病状态均有相关性(S.E.分别为0.153~0.163、0.317、0.148、0.127、0.138、0.222、0.268,P<0.001)。结论 学龄前儿童饮食问题主要以胃口差、对某种食物特别偏好、不良进食习惯和父母过度关心为主,并与儿童BMI百分位数均呈负相关。Objective To investigate dietary behavior problems, and explore correlations of the dietary behavior problems with growth and development of preschool children(aged 3-6 years),so as to provide reference for formulating intervention measures for children′s dietary behavior abnormalities.Methods A total of 1673 preschool children aged 3-6 years who received physical examination in Department of Child Health, Kunming Municipal Children′s Hospital were selected as survey subjects.IMFeD tools were used to investigate children′s dietary behavior problems.Chi-square test and multiple regression were used to analyze correlations of dietary behavior problems with children′s body mass index(BMI) percentages.Results The detection rates of marasmus, overweight and obesity were 14.52%(243/1673),10.40%(174/1673),and obesity 6.69%(112/1673) respectively.There were statistically significant differences in eating behaviors such as poor appetite, special preference to certain food, poor eating habits, and underlying disease status among different month-age groups(χ^(2)=17.646,291.500,17.889 and 10.858 respectively, all P<0.01).Poor appetite, poor eating habits, and fearing eating and underlying disease status were all negatively correlated with children′s BMI percentages(r=-0.671,-0.523,-0.342 and-0.237 respectively, all P<0.001).The ordered multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was correlated with age, poor appetite, special preference to certain food, poor eating habits, parental excessive concern, fearing eating and underlying diseases status(S.E=0.153~0.163,0.317,0.148,0.127,0.138,0.222 and 0.268 respectively, all P<0.001).Conclusion The dietary behavior problems of preschool children are mainly poor appetite, special preference to certain food, poor eating habits and excessive parental concern, and they are negatively correlated with children′ BMI percentages.

关 键 词：儿童 饮食行为问题 生长发育 相关性 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]