高产优质紫心甘薯新品种‘宁紫薯6号’的选育及育种策略探讨  

New Purple-flesh Sweetpotato Variety‘Ningzishu 6’with High Yield and Good Quality:Breeding and Breeding Strategy

作　　者：贾赵东[1] 马佩勇[1] 边小峰[1] 禹阳[1] 张铅 刘帅 谢一芝[1] JIA Zhaodong;MA Peiyong;BIAN Xiaofeng;YU Yang;ZHANG Qian;LIU Shuai;XIE Yizhi(Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第18期44-51,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“长江下游抗病优质甘薯新品种选育”(2019YFD1001300,2019YFD1001305);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金“苏北传统产区精品鲜薯产业链构建与关键技术研究”(CX(20)3193);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助“国家甘薯产业技术体系”(CARS10-C3)。

摘　　要：旨在选育高产优质紫心甘薯新品种,加快优良品种的更新换代。以‘苏薯8号’为母本,‘渝紫薯7号’为父本,通过有性杂交,采用多环境交替定向选择、高低世代组合筛选方法,育成紫心甘薯品种‘宁紫薯6号’。研究表明,‘宁紫薯6号’聚合了双亲的优良性状,平均鲜薯产量40100.40 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种增产21.09%。平均干物质含量29.36%。食味评分77.8,比对照高7.8。花青素含量17.68 mg/100gFW,大中薯率84.7%。抗黑斑病和中抗茎线虫病。该品种高产稳产、食味品质优异,抗性较好,2019年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,可作为鲜食及食品加工型紫薯品种,在长江流域薯区推广种植。笔者通过对育种策略的讨论,认为核心亲本的高效利用将显著提高育种效率“,参与育种模式”将加速品种的推广应用。The objectives of the study are to breed new varieties of purple-flesh sweetpotato with high yield and good quality.‘Sushu 8’was used as female parent and‘Yuzishu 7’was the male parent,and sexual hybridization was conducted.The new purple-flesh sweetpotato variety‘Ningzishu 6’was bred by screening technology of multi-environment alternative directional selection and high-low generation combination selection.The results showed that‘Ningzishu 6’obtained the favorable traits of the hybrid parents,the average yield of fresh root of‘Ningzishu 6’was 40100.40 kg/hm^(2),which was 21.09%higher than that of‘Ningzishu 1’(CK).The average dry matter rate was 29.36%.The test score of cooked taste was 77.8,which was 7.8 points higher than that of CK.The content of anthocyanin was 17.68 mg/100gFW,and the rate of large and mediumsized tuberous root was 84.7%.‘Ningzishu 6’was resistant to root black rot and moderately resistant to stem nematode.In summary,the new variety‘Ningzishu 6’has high and stable yield,good taste,and good comprehensive resistance.‘Ningzishu 6’passed the national variety registration in 2019.As a new purpleflesh variety for fresh-eating or processing,it is suitable for application and cultivation in the Yangtze River Basin and surrounding areas.Based on the discussion of breeding strategies,the authors believe that heterosis prediction and efficient utilization of core parent materials will significantly improve the breeding efficiency,and the application of the‘participatory breeding model’will accelerate the commercial application of new varieties.

关 键 词：紫心甘薯 ‘宁紫薯6号’ 品种选育 核心亲本 育种策略 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]