江西省公益林枯落物层和土壤层水源涵养功能评价  

Evaluation of water conservation function of litter layer and soil layer of public welfare forests in different soil texture types in Jiangxi province

作　　者：温林生 邓文平[1] 钟流 陈锡方 卢妍洁 全蕾 刘苑秋[1] WEN Linsheng;DENG Wenping;ZHONG Liu;CHEN Xifang;LU Yanjie;QUAN Lei;LIU Yuanqiu(College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University,Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration in Poyang Lake Basin, 330045, Nanchang, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2022年第3期35-43,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江西省林业厅科技创新专项“水源涵养林提质增效关键技术研究”(201808);国家自然科学基金“庐山针叶林雾水截留、利用机制及其生态效应”(31860236)。

摘　　要：森林的枯落物与土壤具有较高的水土保持效益,其中土壤的滞存水能力受质地类型的影响。为评价江西公益林枯落物层与土壤层的水文效益,采用室内浸水法与环刀法对江西省3个土壤质地区的公益林进行研究,结果表明:1)马尾松纯林枯落物的有效拦蓄能力在粗砂土(3.73 t/hm^(2))显著高于其他林分,在粉土、壤土质地区,湿地松纯林的枯落物层(7.94、5.78 t/hm^(2))的水源涵养效益更佳;2)在粗砂土质地区、粉土质地区和壤土质地区3个土壤质地区的土壤最大滞留贮存量均值为20.43、8.04、11.82 mm,但相同土壤质地区不同林分间的土壤水源涵养能力差异不明显;3)人工林枯落物的有效拦蓄能力(5.31 t/hm^(2))极显著的高于天然次生林,但平均土壤水分最大滞留贮存量(14.51 mm)极显著低于天然次生林。综上所述:马尾松、湿地松纯林和人工林的枯落物层具有更高的水文功能效应;天然次生林的土壤水文效应更佳。在江西省不同的质地类型的土壤立地,适当的栽植针叶树种能增加枯落物的水文效益。[Background]Forest litter and soil have high water and soil conservation benefits,and the capacity of soil water retention is affected by its texture.There are various soil texture types in Jiangxi province,and clarifying the water conservation capacity of different forest types in different soil quality areas is the basis for solving the problem of planting suitable tree species on the ground.[Methods]We set up a sample plot of 20 m×20 m,collected experimental samples based on the diagonal three-point method,and then used the indoor immersion method and the ring knife method to determine the samples of public welfare forests in three soil quality areas in Jiangxi province(the public welfare forests include Phyllostachys heterocycla forests,broadleaf mixed forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forest,Pinus massoniana pure forest,Pinus elliottii pure forest,etc.).[Results]:1)The effective retention capacity of P.massoniana litter(3.73 t/hm^(2))was significantly higher than that of other forest types in coarse sandy soil areas.While,in silt and loamy areas,the P.elliottii litter layer(7.94,5.78 t/hm^(2))had better water conservation benefits.2)The means of the maximum soil water retention was 20.43,8.04,11.82 mm in the three soil types,but the differences among different forest stands in the same soil type area was not obvious.3)The effective retention capacity of plantation forest litter(5.31 t/hm^(2))was significantly higher than that of natural secondary forest,but instead,the maximum storage capacity of average soil moisture(14.51 mm)was significantly lower.[Conclusions]Comprehensive inference,the litter layer of P.massoniana,P.elliottii and plantation forest have higher hydrological effect;the soil hydrological effect of natural secondary forest is better.On soil sites with different texture types in Jiangxi province,proper planting of coniferous species can better exert the hydrological benefits of litter.

关 键 词：土壤质地类型 水源涵养功能 枯落物持水 土壤水文效应 江西省 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]