磁化率技术在土壤侵蚀领域的研究进展  

Advance in studies on soil erosion using magnetic susceptibility technique

作　　者：于悦[1] 张科利 刘亮 张威[1] YU Yue;ZHANG Keli;LIU Liang;ZHANG Wei(School of Geographical Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, 116029, Dalian, Liaoning, China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China;School of Geography, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China;School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学地理科学学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部地理学院,北京100875 [4]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2022年第3期135-141,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金“基于磁化率技术的黑土坡面土壤再分配识别及定量评价研究”(41907045);“基于磁铁矿粉示踪剂的水蚀定量监测方法的可行性研究”(41701310);国家自然科学基金重点项目“西南黄壤区不同尺度土壤侵蚀与泥沙运移规律耦合关系”(41730748);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目“基于磁化率技术的辽东坡耕地土壤再分配研究”(LQ2019028);辽宁师范大学2020高端科研成果培育计划“不同类型土壤与沉积物环境磁学性质研究”(GD20L003)。

摘　　要：磁化率技术在土壤侵蚀领域的应用日趋增多,利用土壤磁化率变化可以有效地探究地表过程中土壤运移的规律。通过回顾分析近70年来有关土壤磁化率的研究成果,以自然土壤和人工磁性物质2种磁性载体,以及土壤侵蚀定性描述和定量评价2种量定标准为主线,系统地梳理土壤磁化率技术在土壤侵蚀领域的研究进展,旨在为土壤侵蚀新方法研究提供有依据。结果表明:1)研究从单一地区向全球发展,中国地区的研究比例不断增加;2)以自然土样磁性研究为基础,人工磁性示踪剂为实验条件下的研究提供新的载体,使实验场景中的土壤磁性可调可控;3)磁化率技术在土壤侵蚀领域的应用仍处于定性研究阶段,侧重于经验型的定量评价模型稳步发展。因此,基于土壤磁性的土壤侵蚀研究呈点源分布,尚处于发展阶段,定性研究多于定量研究,经验模型估算土壤侵蚀速率占主导,今后的研究应聚焦土壤侵蚀过程和机理的定量表达。[Background]Soil erosion is a global environment issue resulting in reduction in the soil properties.Soil erosion not only decreases land productivity and crop yield,but affects eco-agricultural health.Magnetic susceptibility(MS)technique is a simple and rapid skill in high spatial-temporal resolution,which is suitable for several types of environmental carrier.[Methods]According to studies in last 70 years,this paper took two carriers(natural soils and artificial magnetic materials)and two types of measurement(qualitative description and quantitative evaluation)as the main line.The aim of this paper is to review the development of MS technique and provide an effective basis for the study of new soil erosion methods.[Results]1)Researches of MS technology in soil erosion appeared later than in other fields.The research teams were relatively unitary,and the related results were distributed in pointed-source pattern.The available achievements mainly come from several regions or research teams,but it has not formed a mature research network in the world.However,the studies developed from a single region to the global,while the proportion of Chinese research continues to increase.2)Based on the magnetic research of natural soil samples,artificial magnetic tracers provide a new carrier for the research under experimental conditions,which makes the soil magnetism in experimental scenes more adjustable and controllable.For the natural soil,the heterogeneity of magnetic susceptibility exists in the farmland slope affected by human tillage activities for a long time,and topography,tillage methods and management measures determine the law of soil migration on the slope.By taking advantage of the strong controllability and easy identification of artificial magnetic materials,the researchers used a variety of magnetic materials to simulate the transport process of soil particles,and specifically applied the magnetic susceptibility technology to simulation experiments at different spatial and temporal scales.3)MS has been show

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 磁化率技术 土壤磁化率 土壤再分配 土壤侵蚀速率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]