沈阳花生田东北大黑鳃金龟周年动态与幼虫取食量研究  

Annual dynamics and the larval food consumption level of Holotrichia diomphalia in peanut field of Shenyang

作　　者：钟涛[1] 范唯艳 许国庆[1] ZHONG Tao;FAN Wei-Yan;XU Guo-Qing(Liaoning Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management,Institute of Plant Protection,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station of Crops and Pests of Shenyang,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang 110161,China;Liaoning Agricultural Science and Technological Achievements Transformation Service Center(Liaoning Agricultural Museum),Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,辽宁省农作物有害生物控制重点实验室,农业农村部沈阳作物有害生物科学观测实验站,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省农业科技成果转化服务中心(辽宁农业博物馆),沈阳110161

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2022年第3期643-650,共8页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003025);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201004);农业基础性长期性科技工作植物保护观测监测任务(ZX04S060101)。

摘　　要：为摸清沈阳花生田东北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia diomphalia Bates的发生数量,明确幼虫的取食为害水平,本研究采用诱虫灯对花生田内栖息的东北大黑鳃金龟害虫开展了多年的监测,并将诱集到的成虫带回室内饲养观察,研究其卵的发育和幼虫取食量变化。结果表明,东北大黑鳃金龟每年均有两个上灯活动高峰,不同年度间金龟的始现期存在差异,上灯虫量在不同年度间呈多寡交替的特征;降雨对东北大黑鳃金龟的上灯活动产生较大影响,雨天金龟基本不上灯。东北大黑鳃金龟3龄幼虫期长达329.8±1.80 d,其取食量随取食时间的增加符合正态分布,食物利用率(ECI)达1.32%±0.339%,幼虫3龄末期体重达到最大,但化蛹后随最后一次蜕皮又损失部分体重。东北大黑鳃金龟是沈阳花生田的重要害虫,以3龄幼虫取食幼苗造成的危害损失最大。金龟出土活动与环境温度和降雨发生均有密切关系。利用诱虫灯在6-7月集中诱杀金龟,可有效地减轻下一年蛴螬的危害损失。In order to identify the quantity of Holotrichia diomphalia in the peanut field of Shenyang and determine the larval food consumption level,we applied a trapping lamp to monitor H.diomphalia in a peanut field.The trapped adults of H.diomphalia were reared in the laboratory for a life cycle,and the food consumption level of the larvae were investigated.There were two peaks of trapping number of H.diomphalia in the dynamic curves each year.Differences were found in the unearthed date among years,and the unearthed number of H.diomphalia adults alternated between high and low levels in the adjacent years.Rainfall affected the activity of H.diomphalia,which were scarcely trapped under lamp in rainy days.The 3^(rd) instar larval stage of H.diomphalia reached 329.8±1.80 d,and the food consumption obeyed the normal distribution with the feeding time.The efficiency of conversion of ingested food into body matter reached 1.32%±0.339%.Body weight of the larva reached maximum at the late 3^(rd) instar stage,and then gradually declined after each ecdysis.Temperature and rainfall were the key factors which play roles on the emergence period and quantity of H.diomphalia.In Shenyang,H.diomphalia was a major underground pest in the peanut field.The food consumption level of its 3^(rd) instar larval stage was the largest among the different developmental stages,which would cause relatively high yield loss in seedling stage of peanut.H.diomphalia can be controlled by light-trapping from June to July,so that the damage and loss of crops in the forthcoming year will be alleviated.

关 键 词：东北大黑鳃金龟 诱虫灯 花生田 发生动态 取食量 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]