过敏性皮肤病患者的接触性变应原分析:基于883例斑贴试验  

Characteristics of contact allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases:based on 883 patch tests

作　　者：叶林燕 钟慧琳 樊翌明 黎兆军 YE Linyan;ZHONG Huilin;FAN Yiming;LI Zhaojun(Department of Dermatology,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang 524000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东医科大学附属医院皮肤科,广东湛江524000

出　　处：《皮肤性病诊疗学杂志》2022年第3期237-241,共5页Journal of Diagnosis and Therapy on Dermato-venereology

摘　　要：目的了解过敏性皮肤病患者接触性变应原特点。方法回顾性分析883例过敏性皮肤病患者斑贴试验结果,并比较不同性别、年龄、疾病诊断的斑贴试验结果阳性率情况。结果斑贴试验阳性751例(85.05%)。前6位变应原依次为硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、硫柳汞、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物、夸特15。男性患者重铬酸钾(χ^(2)=48.58)和硫柳汞(χ^(2)=4.36)阳性率均高于女性(均P<0.05)。不同年龄组斑贴试验阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.33,P<0.01),其中18~45岁和46~59岁组硫酸镍阳性率均高于<18岁组(χ^(2)值分别为4.09、12.06,均P<0.01),18~45岁组卡巴混合物阳性率及46~59岁组重铬酸钾阳性率也均高于<18岁组(χ^(2)值分别为7.50、7.47,均P<0.01);18~45岁组硫柳汞阳性率高于>59岁组(χ^(2)=10.28,P<0.01);而18~45岁组夸特15阳性率低于>59岁组(χ^(2)=12.06,P<0.01)。斑贴试验阳性率在不同过敏性皮肤病间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.26,P>0.05)。结论硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、硫柳汞、卡巴混合物、芳香混合物、夸特15是本地区过敏性皮肤病的主要变应原。斑贴试验阳性率存在性别、年龄差异。Objective To investigate the characteristics of contact allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases(ASDs)in western Guangdong.Methods Patch test results of 883 patients with ASDs were retrospectively analyzed.The positive rates of patch test were compared among genders,age groups and ASD diagnosis.Results The patch test was positive in 751 cases(751/883,85.05%).The top six allergens in a descending order were nickel sulfate,potassium dichromate,thiomersal,carba mix,aromatic mix,and quaternium-15.The positive rates of potassium dichromate and thiomersal were higher in males than in females(both P<0.05).The patch test positivity was remarkably different among age groups(P<0.01).Compared with age group of<18 years,the positive rates of nickel sulfate in the age groups of 18~45 and 46~59 years,and that of carba mix in 18~45 age group and potassium dichromate in 46~59 age group increased(P<0.01).The positive rate of thiomersal in 18~45 age group was higher than that in the age group of>59 years(P<0.01),while the positive rate of quaternium-15 was lower(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the patch test positivity among different ASDs(P>0.05).Conclusions Nickel sulfate,potassium dichromate,thiomersal,carba mix,aromatic mix,and quaternium-15 are main allergens of ASDs in our district.The patch test positivity varies with gender and age.

关 键 词：过敏性皮肤病 斑贴试验 变应原 

分 类 号：R75[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]