种植密度对河北夏玉米生理成熟后茎秆抗倒能力及产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Stem Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield of Summer Maize After Physiological Maturity in Hebei

作　　者：郑孟静 翟立超 申海平[1] 姚海坡 贾秀领[1] ZHENG Mengjing;ZHAI Lichao;SHEN Haiping;YAO Haipo;JIA Xiuling(Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science/Hebei province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050035)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物栽培生理与绿色生产重点实验室/农业农村部华北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第7期1434-1445,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省农林科学院博士基金(C19R0302);河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所青年基金(2019LYS02);河北省农林科学院农业科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-LYS-8);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326401D)。

摘　　要：河北地区由于受光热资源限制,夏玉米收获时籽粒含水率普遍偏高,成为阻碍机械粒收技术推广应用的重要因素。虽然通过延迟收获可降低籽粒水分,但茎秆倒伏问题将进一步增加粒收难度。基于此,本试验于2019年选择迪卡517(DK517)、京农科728(JNK728)和豫单9953(YD9953)3个适宜机械粒收的品种为材料,以郑单958(ZD958)为对照,2020年新增张单258(ZD258)、张粒178(ZL178)和郑原玉432(ZYY432)3个品种,并设置3个种植密度,分别为6×10^(4)(D1)、7.5×10^(4)(D2)和9×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)(D3),研究品种间及种植密度对生理成熟期倒伏率、茎秆形态特征、解剖特征、力学特征及产量的影响。结果表明,试验所选品种除了对照ZD958,其他品种均于吐丝后67 d籽粒含水率降至25%以下,达到了GB/T 21962-2008标准中机械粒收对籽粒含水率的要求,其中YD9953和ZL178在吐丝后67 d的籽粒含水率比吐丝后25 d平均降低了35.1和42.0个百分点。在生理成熟期,相同密度下YD9953、ZL178、ZYY432的总倒伏率显著低于其他品种,其中在D1和D2密度下的总倒伏率均低于5%,符合机械粒收对倒伏率的要求。分析倒伏相关性状发现,株高和穗位高对密度的响应因品种而异;各品种茎秆基部第3节间单位体积干重和抗折力均随密度的增加而降低。D3密度下,ZL178的节间单位体积干重与D1相比,降幅最小(7.9%)。D2密度下,YD9953、ZL178和ZYY432的抗折力比均值分别提高28.7%、21.5%和28.4%;相同密度下ZL178、JNK728、YD9953的维管束数目和木质化程度高于其他品种。相关性分析发现,倒伏率和纤维素含量与抗折力呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.70、0.51),可作为评定玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的关键指标。D2密度下ZL178和YD9953的产量与对照ZD958差异不显著但高于其他处理。综合考虑品种脱水特性、产量和站秆期间抗倒伏能力,ZL178和YD9953在密度7.5×10^(4)株·hm^(-2)下能够兼顾高产和抗倒。本研究�Due to the restriction of light and heat resources in Hebei province, grain moisture of summer maize is generally high during harvest, which becomes an important factor hindering the popularization and application of mechanical grain harvesting technology. Delaying harvesting can reduce grain moisture, but stem lodging will further increase the difficulty of mechanical grain harvest. Based on this, three cultivars suitable for mechanical grain harvesting were selected as materials in 2019, namely Dika 517(DK517), Jingnongke 728(JNK728) and Yudan 9953(YD9953), with Zhengdan 958(ZD958) as the control. In 2020, three new cultivars, Zhangdan 258(ZD258), Zhangli 178(ZL178) and Zhengyuanyu 432(ZYY432), were added, and three planting densities were set, which were 6×10^(4)(D1), 7.5×10^(4)(D2) and 9×10^(4)(D3) plants ·hm^(-2), respectively. The aim of this study was to study the effects of varieties and planting density on lodging rate, stem morphological characteristics, anatomical characteristics, mechanical characteristics and yield during physiological maturity. The results showed that: Except for ZD958, the grain moisture of all the varieties selected in the experiment decreased to less than 25% at 67 d after silking, meeting the requirements of mechanical grain harvesting in GB/T 21962-2008 standard. The total lodging rates of YD9953, ZL178 and ZYY432 were significantly lower than those of other cultivars, and the total lodging rates under D1 and D2 densities were all lower than 5%, which met the requirements of mechanical grain harvesting for lodging rates. And, the grain moisture content of YD9953 and ZL178 decreased by 35.1% and 42.0% at 67 days after silking compared with that at 25 days after silking. The responses of plant height and panicle height to density varied with cultivars. The dry weight per unit volume and breaking strength of the basal third internode decreased with the increase of planting density. Under D3, the dry weight per unit volume of ZL178 decreased the least(7.9%) compared with that a

关 键 词：夏玉米 机械粒收 种植密度 抗倒伏 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]