非正式合作机制建设与中国南亚外交的新取向  

The Development of Informal Cooperation Mechanisms and Trends in China’s South Asia Diplomacy

作　　者：吴琳 Wu Lin

机构地区：[1]外交学院亚洲研究所

出　　处：《南亚研究》2022年第2期1-17,156,共18页South Asian Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“秩序转换与中国的亚洲区域合作新战略研究”(项目批准号:21DTR020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：双边外交一直是中国南亚外交的主要方式。新冠疫情暴发和美国从阿富汗全面撤军为中国引入非正式合作制度工具和谋求从双边到多边的地区外交升级提供了机遇,以新时代南亚地区合作框架建设为重点、政治信任为前提、“一带一路”倡议与非传统安全合作互嵌、和平解决争端和发展安全为主导规范、地区公共产品新平台为补充的非正式合作制度网络初步建立。这标志着中国南亚外交正出现两大新取向:一是增添安全新内涵,统筹安全与发展之间关系,发挥毗邻大国的独特作用;二是补充地区新层次,建立地区合作新框架,培育多边共识和引导地区认同。疫情、大国博弈与阿富汗变局是导致中国南亚外交升级的主要外部动力,而适应“一带一路”高质量发展的议程变化和传统秩序观的价值回归则是内生动力来源。中国南亚外交的多边实践为中国在后疫情时代应对更加复杂的国际和地区环境奠定了良好开局。China has relied primarily on bilateral diplomacy when dealing with its relations with South Asia.The global COVID-19pandemic and full US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan have provided China with opportunities to introduce informal cooperation mechanisms and to upgrade its regional diplomacy at both the bilateral and the multilateral level.An informal cooperation mechanism network has taken initial shape,with the development of a framework of a new era of South Asia regional cooperation at its core,political trust as its base,peaceful resolution of disputes and developmental security as its guiding norms,connecting the Belt and Road Initiative and non-traditional security cooperation,and being complemented by new platforms of the provision of regional public goods.This marks the emergence of two new trends in China’s diplomacy in South Asia:(1)the introduction of new concepts reflecting the nexus of security and development,and the unique role of neighboring powers;(2)bolstering security cooperation at the regional level,by establishing new frameworks for regional cooperation,cultivating a multilateral consensus,and fostering a regional identity.The pandemic,great power competition,and the changes in Afghanistan represent the key external drivers of the enhancement of China’s South Asia diplomacy.Meanwhile,endogenous drivers include the need to adapt the agenda to meet the needs of high-quality development of the BRI,and the return of the traditional values of the international order.China’s multilateral approach to diplomacy with South Asia provides a foundation for China to cope with the more complex international and regional environment in the post-pandemic era.

关 键 词：中国南亚外交 非正式机制 南亚安全 地区合作框架 

分 类 号：D822.335[政治法律—政治学]