2015—2019年建德市水痘流行病学特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Jiande from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：徐晓娟 徐哲[2] 许玉洋[3] 姚燕飞 周卫群[2] 娄静 XU Xiao-juan;XU Zhe;XU Yu-yang;YAO Yan-fei;ZHOU Wei-qun;LOU Jing(Jiande Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhejiang 311600,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]建德中医院,浙江311600 [2]建德市疾病预防控制中心 [3]杭州市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第7期688-691,695,F0004,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：浙江省预防医学会软课题研究—2剂次水痘疫苗接种的效果研究(YF2019-1)。

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2019年建德市水痘流行病学特征,为制定水痘防控和免疫策略提供科学依据。方法对中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的2015—2019年建德市水痘发病资料和杭州市儿童规划信息系统建德市2~11岁儿童水痘减毒活疫苗(varicella vaccine,VarV)接种资料,采用描述流行病学方法对水痘报告病例三间分布和2~11岁儿童VarV接种率变化等进行分析。结果2015—2019年建德市共报告水痘病例1037例,年平均发病率40.65/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=182.42,P<0.01)。男性550例,平均发病率42.48/10万;女性487例,发病率38.77/10万,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.16,P>0.05)。水痘发病有一定季节性,主要分布在10—12月,与学生学期及寒暑假时间安排一致。发病年龄中位数15岁,各年龄发病差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1236.90,P<0.01)。职业分布以学生为主,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3787.19,P<0.01)。2~11岁儿童1剂次VarV接种率95.43%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1071.05,P<0.01);2剂次VarV接种率72.06%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1872.12,P<0.01)。结论建德市水痘发病率总体较低,发病年龄后移,以学生为主。应尽快提高中小学生2剂次VarV接种率,控制中小学生水痘发病率。Objective To provide scientific basis for prevention,control and immunization strategies for varicella in Jiande from 2015 to 2019 by analyzing the epidemiologic feature.Methods According to the varicella vaccine(VarV)vaccination data of children aged 2 to 11 years in Jiande from 2015 to 2019 reported by China Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System and Hangzhou Children Planning Information System,the three-dimensional(temporal,regional and population)distributions of reported varicella cases and change of immunization rate in children aged 2 to 11 years were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.Results A total of 1037 cases of children suffering from varicella with an average annual incidence of 40.65/100000 were reported in Jiande from 2015 to 2019,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=182.42,P<0.01).There were 550 male patients with an average incidence rate of 42.48/100000 and 487 female cases with incidence rate of 38.77/100000,and the difference wasn′t statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.16,P>0.05).The incidence of varicella was seasonal and mainly ranged from October to December,coinciding with the arrangement for semesters,winter and summer vacation of students.The median age of onset was 15 years old,and the differences in different age groups were statistically significant(χ^(2)=1236.90,P<0.01);the students dominated in terms of occupation distribution,and the difference in the occupation was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3787.19,P<0.01);the vaccination rate of 1-dose VarV in children aged 2 to 11 years was 95.43%,and there was statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=1071.05,P<0.01);the rate of 2-dose VarV inoculation in children aged 2 to 11 years was 72.06%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1872.12,P<0.01).Conclusion The overall incidence of varicella is low in Jiande,the age of onset is backward,and the incidence of the disease is dominated among students.The vaccination rate of two-dose VarV should be increased at earliest

关 键 词：水痘 水痘减毒活疫苗 疫情 流行病学特征 调查 分析 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]