2016—2020年深圳市传染病类突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of communicable diseases in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：吕秋莹[1] 曹彬[1] 陈志高[1] 唐秀娟[1] 高世同[1] 路滟[1] 梅树江[1] LYU Qiu-ying;CAO Bin;CHEN Zhi-gao;TANG Xiu-juan;GAO Shi-tong;LU Yan;MEI Shu-jiang(Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东518055

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第5期440-443,447,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2020012);深圳市医学重点学科(SZXK064);深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目资助(SZSM202011008)。

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2020年深圳市传染病类突发公共卫生事件监测结果的流行病学特征。方法在国家突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统中导出2016—2020年深圳市突发公共卫生事件数据,按病种、地区和机构类型描述性分析暴发疫情的发生特点,用SPSS 22.0统计分析。结果排除2020年报告的新冠肺炎事件,2016—2020年深圳市共报告233起传染病突发公共卫生事件相关信息,发病6271例,死亡2例,罹患率3.87%,病死率0.03%。其中2018年罹患率最高,为5.20%。聚集性疫情事件164起,占突发公共卫生事件相关信息总数的70.39%,涉及7种传染病,病例数与发生事件起数最多的病种为水痘(100起,3565例)和感染性腹泻(41起,1491例),分别占聚集性疫情事件总数的60.98%和25.00%。78.45%呼吸道传染病聚集性疫情事件发生在小学,58.33%肠道传染病聚集性疫情事件发生在幼儿园,两种传染病事件在幼儿园、小学、初中、高中和大专院校及其他场所的构成比存在显著性差异。结论应采取综合防控策略,针对不同人群中发生风险较高的传染病病种,从降低人群易感性、落实及早报告与停课措施、监测流行株,以及加强培养个人卫生防护习惯等多方面制定防控策略。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of surveillance results of public health emergencies of communicable diseases in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020.Methods The data of public health emergencies in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020 were derived from National Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System,the occurrence characteristics of epidemic outbreak were analyzed by disease types,regions and institution types,and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The events of COVID-19 reported in 2020 were excluded,a total of 233 public health emergencies of for communicable diseases were reported,with 6271 cases and 2 deaths were reported in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020.The attack rate was 3.87%,and the fatality rate was 0.03%.The highest prevalence rate was 5.20%in 2018.There were 164 clustered epidemic events,accounting for 70.39%of the total information related to public health emergencies,involving 7 types of communicable diseases.Chicken pox(100 incidents,3565 cases)and infectious diarrhea(41 incidents,1491 cases)were the found to be the most common diseases,accounting for 60.98%and 25.00%of the total clustered epidemic events,respectively.There were 78.45%of the clustered events of respiratory communicable diseases occurred in primary schools,and 58.33%of the clustered events events of intestinal diseases occurred in kindergartens.The difference was statistically significant in the composition ratio of the two kinds of communicable diseases in kindergartens,primary schools,middle schools,high schools,colleges and universities and other places.Conclusion A comprehensive prevention and control strategy should be adopted.The comprehensive control strategies should be formulated from aspects including the reduction of population susceptibility,implementing of early reporting and school suspension measures,monitoring of epidemic strains,and strengthening of personal hygiene protection habits for communicable diseases with high risk among different populations.

关 键 词：传染病 突发公共卫生事件 聚集性疫情 流行特征 分析 水痘 感染性腹泻 学校 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]