北宋真仁之际皇权交接与章献皇后的政治考量——兼论儒家理念对宋代女主预政的双面影响  

The Transfer of Imperial Power and Zhang Xian Empress in the Period of Zhenren in the Northern Song Dynasty——Also a Discussion the Double Influence of Confucian Idea on the Song Dynasty’s Hostess Participated in Political Affairs

作　　者：田志光[1] 梁嘉玲 Tian Zhiguang;Liang Jialing

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心 [2]河南大学黄河文明研究中心

出　　处：《社会科学》2022年第4期57-73,共17页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大招标项目“历代国家治理的历史底蕴与当代价值”(项目编号:LSYZD21003);河南省社会科学规划项目“宋代宰辅日常生活研究”(项目编号:2021BLS006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：北宋真宗晚年,朝局复杂,权力交接成为真宗晚期政治运行的核心。章献皇后刘氏在走向政治前台的过程中,受到宋代祖宗家法的限制,为取得预政的正当性,刘氏将合作对象选择范围确定为士大夫群体,并最终选择与丁谓结成利益联盟展开合作,驱逐了支持太子直接掌权的寇准一派,最终形成刘氏称制、丁谓掌权的“双赢”局面。然而,仁宗初年,随着丁谓权力欲的日益膨胀,朝政逐渐被丁谓一派把持,威胁到了手握皇权的刘氏。在“异论相搅”理念的浸润下,刘氏运用王曾等人对丁谓一派进行制约打击。最终,丁谓等被逐,掌握皇权的刘氏成为这场博弈的最终胜利者,并开始构建起相对稳定的政治格局。宋代的儒家文化理念,在对女主参政发挥限制作用的同时,也构成了女主走向政治前台的潜在文化基础。一方面,士大夫群体对于“家国同构”政治观念的总体性接受以及儒家文化对于“孝道”的推崇,为女主以妻子或母亲身份代理皇权提供了正当性和合法性基础。另一方面,女主在这一政治系统中对于自我身份的定位与角色认同,也深刻影响着其行政决策和政治行为,并赋予其维护父系正统的基本自觉。因此,宋代女主称制往往呈现出鲜明的过渡性特征。In the later years of Zhenzong in the Northern Song Dynasty,the court situation was complicated,and the transfer of power became the core of the political operation of Zhenzong in the late period.In the process of moving towards the political foreground,Empress Liu of Zhangxian was restricted by the family law of the ancestors of the Song Dynasty.In order to obtain the legitimacy of participating in political affairs,Empress Liu selected scholar-official group into his scope of cooperation,and decided to cooperate with Ding Wei with whom he established a shared interest partnership.He expelled Kou Zhun’s faction who supported the prince in taking power directly and finally came to form a“win-win”situation in which Liu acted as an agent of state affairs and Ding Wei was in power.However,in the early years of Emperor Renzong,with Ding Wei’s growing desire for power,the government was gradually controlled by his faction,thus threatening the Empress Dowager Liu who held the imperial power.Under the influence of the concept of“mixing dissimilar views”,Liu used Wang Zeng and others to restrict and attack the Ding Wei faction.In the end,Ding Wei and others got expelled,and Liu,who held the imperial power,became the final winner of this game,and began to build a relatively stable political structure.The Confucian cultural concept of the Song Dynasty not only played a restrictive role in the participation of the hostess in politics,but also constituted the potential cultural foundation for the hostess to move to the political foreground.On the one hand,the general acceptance of the political concept of“family-state isomorphism”by the scholarbureaucratic group and the Confucian culture’s respect for"filial piety"provided a justifiability and legality for the hostess to represent the imperial power as a wife or mother.On the other hand,the hostess’s self-identity and role identification in this political system also profoundly affects her administrative decision-making and political behavior,and endows h

关 键 词：章献皇后 丁谓 寇准 女主预政 祖宗之法 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]