论美国的古典地缘政治观——基本内涵、战略影响与主要缺陷  

On the Classical Geopolitics Notion of America:Basic Connotation,Strategy Effect,and Main Defects

作　　者：杜哲元 DU Zhe-yuan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院,北京100088

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2022年第3期108-126,128,共20页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(21YJCGJW003)。

摘　　要：美国对外战略中的古典地缘政治观是导致当前美国对中国产生战略误判的一个重要原因。古典地缘政治学形成于20世纪前半期,它有着共同的政治和理论基础,但同时,它内部也存在着较大的张力,“枢纽地带论”与“边缘地带论”的差异深刻而显著,它们代表了古典地缘政治学的两条路径。古典地缘政治学从二战结束后开始影响着美国的对外战略,这种影响大致可以分为五个阶段。总体而论,在冷战时期,“枢纽地带论”发挥着主导性影响;21世纪之后,修正后的“边缘地带论”开始逐渐发挥影响,并促成了目前美国对中俄的制衡战略。然而,古典地缘政治学难言是一种正确和完善的学说,它自身存在着较大的理论缺陷;它对美国的对外战略产生了消极影响,使美国对外战略中的进攻性、偏执性和狭隘性更加严重;从根源上讲,美国对外战略中的古典地缘政治观反映出美国国际政治观中错误的“国强必霸论”的迷思。The classical geopolitics notion in America’s foreign strategy is an important factor for the current strategic misjudgment of the U.S. against China. Classical geopolitics was formed in the first half of the 20th century,which has a common political and theoretical foundation,but at the same time,there is also great tension inside it. The difference between "pivot area theory" and "rimland theory" is profound and significant,which represent two lines of classical geopolitics. Classical geopolitics began to influence America’s foreign strategy since the end of the World War II,and the influence can be divided into five stages. Overall,during the Cold War,the "pivot area theory" played a dominant influence. After the 21st century,the revised "rimland theory" began to gradually exert an influence,and contributed to the current America’s dual checks and balances strategy to China and Russia.However,classical geopolitics isn’t a correct and perfect theory,which has serious theoretical defects. It has a negative impact on America’s foreign strategy,makes it more offensive,paranoid,and narrow. Fundamentally,the classical geopolitics reflects the myth of "A strong nation is bound to seek hegemony" in America’s international politics notion.

关 键 词：古典地缘政治学 美国对外战略 地缘政治观 中美关系 欧亚局势 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]