中国营商环境地区差异及时空演变特征研究  

Study on the Regional Differences and Characteristic of Temporal-Spatial Evolution of Chinese Business Environment

作　　者：涂正革[1,2] 程烺 张沐 Tu Zhengge;Cheng Lang;Zhang Mu(School of Economics and Business Administration,Central China Normal University;Research Center of Low-carbon Economy and Environment Policies,Central China Normal Unirersity)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学经济与工商管理学院 [2]华中师范大学低碳经济与环境政策研究中心

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2022年第7期3-25,共23页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境保护与经济高质量发展融合的机制、路径和政策体系研究”(18ZDA051);国家自然科学基金面上项目“环境规制、绿色创新方向与工业污染防治:基于中国企业数据的研究”(72073049)的资助。

摘　　要：研究目标:构建中国营商环境评价体系,考察中国营商环境的区域差异、时间演变、收敛特点及空间集聚性。研究方法:采用主成分分析法将各省份50个经济社会指标合成为营商环境综合指标,运用自适应核密度估计、Dagum基尼系数考察中国营商环境的地区差异,并分别利用变异系数、边际垂直β收敛模型检验σ收敛和β收敛,使用Moran’s I指数分析空间集聚。研究发现:中国营商环境在整体上呈现持续向好的集聚式收敛特征,但在地区之间仍然存在“东高西低”的地区差异,且在中西部内部出现多极分化,中部区域内差异日益显现,造成各省份的收敛贡献表现出梯度效应,阻碍空间集聚的进程。研究创新:全面剖析营商环境的内涵,从开放化水平、企业市场环境、企业法治环境、市场主体保护力度和公共服务水平五个维度构建中国营商环境评价体系,使用边际垂直β收敛模型深入挖掘不同省份在优化营商环境的同时所展现出的收敛异质性。研究价值:本文基于中国营商环境综合指标展开实证研究,揭示其区域差异、演变趋势和收敛情况,为促进区域经济高质量协调发展提供依据。Research Objectives: This paper constructs an evaluation system for the Chinese business environment and investigates the regional differences, time evolution, convergence characteristics and spatial agglomeration of the Chinese business environment. Research Methods: The principal component analysis method is used to synthesize 50 economic and social indicators of each province into a comprehensive indicator of business environment. The adaptive kernel density estimation and the Dagum Gini coefficient is used to investigate the regional differences of China’s business environment. The coefficient of variation and marginal verticality β convergence model is used to test the σ convergence and β convergence. The Moran’s I index is used to analyze the spatial agglomeration. Research Findings: On the whole, Chinese business environment shows the characteristic of continuous and good agglomeration convergence, but there is still a regional difference of “high in the east and low in the west” between regions. Meanwhile, there is multipolar differentiation in the central region and western region. The differences in the central region are becoming increasingly apparent, resulting in the convergence contribution of each province showing a gradient effect and hindering the process of spatial agglomeration. Research Innovations: This paper comprehensively analyzes the connotation of business environment and constructs an evaluation system of the Chinese business environment from five dimensions of openness, enterprise market environment, enterprise legal environment, market subject protection and public service level. Furthermore, it uses the marginal vertical β convergence model to deeply excavate the convergence heterogeneity of different provinces while optimizing the business environment. Research Value: Based on the comprehensive indicators of the Chinese business environment, this paper makes an empirical study to reveal its regional differences, evolution trend and convergence, so as to provide a basis f

关 键 词：营商环境指标体系 自适应核密度估计 Dagum基尼系数 边际垂直β收敛 Moran’s I指数 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]