不同粒型花生种子吸胀特性及播种深度对其种际土壤温湿度与出苗的影响  

Water Imbibition Characteristics of Peanut Seeds with Different Size and Effects of Sowing Depth on Seedsphere Temperature and Humidity and Seedling Emergence

作　　者：李冬冬 唐康 曾宁波[1,2,3] 傅惠林 董露琳 张昊 罗梓楠[1,2,3] 刘登望 李林[1,2,3] Li Dongdong;Tang Kang;Zeng Ningbo;Fu Huilin;Dong Lulin;Zhang Hao;Luo Zinan;Liu Dengwang;Li Lin(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Changsha Branch of National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China;Institute of Upland Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]国家花生工程技术研究中心长沙分中心/湖南省花生工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第6期27-34,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000906);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);湖南省现代农业产业技术体系花生岗位。

摘　　要：为明确不同粒型花生种子的吸胀特性及其大田的适宜播种深度,选用小、中小、大籽三类品种,先在室内进行25℃条件下0~10 h的清水浸种试验,测定种子吸水能力;然后在夏初正常气候条件下进行2、4、6、8 cm (SD2、SD4、SD6、SD8)4个播种深度试验,研究其对播种出苗期田间小气候、种际土壤温湿度、出苗率及幼苗素质的影响。结果表明:(1)大籽品种吸水量最多,是中小籽、小籽的1.12~1.55倍,但吸水速度最慢,小籽吸水最快,这是大籽花生应适当深播而小籽花生可适当浅播的水分生理基础。(2)播深对种际生境有重大影响。外界气温及其有效积温与种际土温及其有效积温相差较大,但两个环境温度间高度正相关。播种出苗期15 d内三类品种各播深的平均种际土温比日均气温高1.93~2.20℃,有效积温高28.5~32.5℃。随着播深增加,各品种种际有效积温呈现出由少到多的二次抛物线趋势,即SD2、SD4有效积温少于SD6、SD8。各品种种际土壤含水量整体表现SD8、SD2>SD4>SD6,即播种最深、最浅处的土壤湿度大于播深中等的湿度。(3)播深对出苗率与幼苗素质有重要影响,中小籽、大籽品种出苗率对播深的响应比小籽更敏感。小籽和中小籽品种播深均以4 cm为宜,大籽品种播深以6 cm为宜,可使出苗快、出苗率高和幼苗素质好。In order to clarify water imbibition characteristics of peanut seeds with different size and suitable sowing depth in fields, three cultivars with small, medium-small and large seed size were selected for the seed soaking experiment with clean water for 0~10 h under 25℃ in laboratory to determine water absorption capacity of seeds;the sowing depth experiment(SD2, SD4, SD6 and SD8) were carried out under normal climate conditions in early summer in fields to study its effects on field microclimate, seedsphere soil temperature and humidity, seedling emergence rate and seedling quality. The results were as follows.(1) The water absorption of large seed varieties was the most, which was 1.12~1.55 times of that of medium-small and small seeds, whereas its water absorption rate was the slowest, and that of small seeds was the fastest. It indicated the water physiological basis during seed germination that large seed cultivar should be sown proper deeply while small seed cultivar should be sown shallowly.(2) Sowing depth had significant impacts on seedsphere habitats. External temperature and its effective accumulated temperature had great differences with the seedsphere soil temperature and its effective accumulated temperature, however, there were high positive correlation between the two ambient temperatures. The average seedsphere soil temperature(ASST) at different sowing depth of three cultivars during 15 days after sowing were 1.93~2.20℃ higher than the average air temperature(AAT), while the seedsphere soil effective accumulated temperature(SSEAT) were 28.5~32.5℃ higher than that of air effective accumulated temperature(AEAT). Therefore, with the increase of sowing depth, the SSEAT of each cultivar showed a secondary parabolic trend from less to more, i.e. the SSEAT was less under SD2 and SD4 treatments compared with SD6 and SD8. The overall performance of the soil water content of each cultivars was SD8 and SD2>SD4>SD6, i.e. the soil humidity at the deepest and shallowest sowing depth were higher than tha

关 键 词：不同粒型花生品种 种子吸胀 播种深度 种际土壤温湿度 出苗率 

分 类 号：S565.201[农业科学—作物学]