我国猪业标准化体系现状解析及其对策建议  

Current situation analysis of pig industry standardization system in China and suggestions on countermeasures

作　　者：周全[1,2] 伍曼婷 张雅惠 巫婷婷 陈亚静 赵小丽[3] 赵书红 刘望宏[1,2] ZHOU Quan;WU Man-ting;ZHANG Ya-hui;WU Ting-ting;Chen Ya-jing;ZHAO Xiao-li;ZHAO Shu-hong;LIUWang-hong(College of Animal Sciences and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Breeding Pig Quality Supervision and Testing Centre,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;National Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业农村部种猪质量监督检检验测试中心(武汉),湖北武汉430070 [3]全国畜牧总站,北京100125

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第4期991-999,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家生猪产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-35);“十四五”畜牧饲料标准体系构建项目(16210029)。

摘　　要：【目的】查找我国猪业标准及标准化工作存在的短板,明确我国猪业标准化工作今后努力的方向和发展对策,以促进我国猪业标准化工作高质量发展。【方法】通过阐述加强猪业标准化体系建设的重要性,从标准分类、标准有效期、标准性质及采标率等角度分析我国猪业标准化的发展现状及存在问题,比较中外猪业标准体系差异,并有针对性地提出对策建议。【结果】截至2020年12月,我国已发布的猪业及其相关国家标准和行业标准合计759项,围绕品种、饲料营养、兽医卫生、环境控制、重大猪病监测和应急处置机制、动物防疫标识和质量安全溯源等产前、产中、产后环节的标准化体系已初步建立,基本上可实现生产有标可用、检测有标可依、质量有标可判;但我国猪业标准化仍存在标准体系不够合理、标准更新不及时、标准国际化水平不高、标准实施效果不理想等问题,尤其是与畜牧业发达国家相比,我国猪业标准体系在技术指标、产品质量指标等方面还存在明显差异,其分类与数量各具特色。【建议】猪业标准化工作要以“养殖过程科学高效、养殖环境生态友好、产品质量安全可追溯”为切入点,集生猪全产业链及其关联产业的标准于一体,逐步形成一个接地气、切合生产实际需要、具有可操作性的标准化体系,并以此推动和促进猪育种新成果、新技术、新方法转化为生产力,实现生猪产业提质增效,具体措施包括:(1)提高认识,加大猪业标准体系建设资金投入;(2)科学引导,健全猪业标准化体系建设;(3)对标国际,提升猪业标准国际化水平;(4)加强宣贯,促进猪业标准推广应用。【Objective】To find out the shortcomings of the standards and standardization of China’s pig industry,to clarify the direction of future focus and development,so as to promote the high-quality development of China’s pig industry standardization.【Method】Through the elaboration of the importance of the construction of China’s pig industry standardization system,current situation and problems were analyzed from the several perspectives of classification,validity,nature and adoption rate.Differences between Chinese and foreign pig industry standard systems were compared to propose countermeasures.【Result】By December 2020,759 national standards and industry standards related to the pig industry had been issued in China,and the standardization system had been initially established around the pre-production,production and post-production aspects,such as breed,nutrition,veterinary,environmental control,monitoring of major pig diseases and emergency response mechanism,animal epidemic prevention,and quality/safety traceability.Based on the progress,the pig industry could follow the standards of pig raising,testing and quality.However,the standardization system of China’s pig industry still had problems For example the standard system was not reasonable enough;the standard was not updated timely;the level of pig industry intemationalization was not high,and the standard implementation was not effectively performed.Specially,compared with countries with developed hus bandry,there were still several disadvantages such as technical indicators and product quality indicators.【Suggestion】The standardization of pig industry should take“scientific and efficient breeding process”,“eco-friendly breeding environment”,and“traceable product quality and safety”as the very important directions.The whole work should integrate the standards of the whole pig industry chain and its related industries,and gradually a standardization system to meet the actual needs of production should be established,so as to

关 键 词：猪业 标准化体系 发展现状 存在问题 对策建议 

分 类 号：S828.41[农业科学—畜牧学]