康雍乾时期的海岛治策——内附治岛的两种方案  

Strategy for Governing the Island during the Periods of Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong:Two Ways of Neifuzhidao

作　　者：胡泰山 Hu Taishan

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,100081

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2022年第2期170-179,216,F0003,共12页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

摘　　要：内附治岛政策指中央王朝以行政手段超越海峡阻隔,将海疆岛屿划归邻近大陆行省统辖,并将其纳入内陆一体化统治体系的治岛方略。内附治岛政策的核心在于“以岛附陆,以陆治岛”,但其忽略了对海峡的关注。康雍乾时期,清朝在统治海南岛和台湾岛的过程中,探索出两种落实和深化内附治岛政策的路径:“海南方案”与“台湾方案”。前者旨在通过设置兼辖海岛与大陆的分巡道与绿营镇以增强海岛与大陆的联系,强化对海岛的统治。后者重在设置专辖海岛的分巡道和绿营镇处理海岛内部事务,辅之以若干配套措施,以强化对海岛的监督和管辖。The Strategy of Neifuzhidao(内附治岛)refers to the policy of governing islands by the central dynasty,which transcends the strait barrier by administrative means,puts islands under the control of neighboring mainland provinces,and brings them into the inland integrated ruling system.The key of the Strategy is to atach the island to the mainland and rule the island by the mainland,while the strait is neglected.During the periods of Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong,the Qing court explored two paths named“Hainan Solution”and“Taiwan Solution”,to implement and deepen the Strategy of Neifuzhidao in the process of governing Hainan Island and Taiwan Island.The former was intended to set u Fenxundao(分巡道)and Luyingzhen(绿营镇)managing both island and continent in order to enhance the connection between the island and the mainland,and to strengthen the Qing cour's rule over the island.The ltter focused on the setting of Fenxundao and Liyingzhen administrating island only and taking some supporting measures to strengthen the central govemment's supervision and jurisdiction over the islands.

关 键 词：内附治岛 海南方案 台湾方案 分巡道 绿营镇 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]