外源营养配方及应用量对于羊肚菌产量的影响  

Effects of Morchella sextelata Yield by Exogenous Nutritional Formula and Application Amount

作　　者：曹君[1,2] 陈忠有 赵玉梅 翟学良 刘俊杰 CAO Jun(Institute of Edible Fungi,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院食用菌研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省食用菌优质栽培重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161 [3]清原满族自治县夏家堡镇事业发展服务中心,辽宁抚顺113302 [4]抚顺市先进装备制造业发展促进中心,辽宁抚顺113009 [5]抚顺县救兵镇人民政府农业站,辽宁抚顺113116

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2022年第6期4-7,14,共5页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：辽宁省科技特派项目(2021JH5/10400050)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究外源营养的不同配方及单位面积投入量对羊肚菌产量的影响。[方法]使用麦粒含量60%、70%、80%共3个梯度,以及辅料木屑和玉米芯是否发酵2个变量,设置6个试验配方,研究不同配方对于羊肚菌生产的影响;利用筛选出来的配方,使用3个外源营养袋规格和4种摆放密度设置12个试验组,研究外源营养的不同单位面积使用量对于羊肚菌菌丝生长及产量的影响。[结果]6个试验配方对于菌丝满袋时间没有明显影响,使用80%麦粒配方的营养袋田间表现地表菌核和原基较多且分布均匀,80%麦粒+辅料发酵组小区产量最高,达到1 360.13 g;12个外源营养应用量试验中17 cm×33 cm规格摆放4 000袋小区产量最高达到2 300.13 g,外源营养总量一定的条件下,产量受摆放密度影响。[结论]羊肚菌产量与外源营养袋中麦粒含量呈正相关的线性关系,且相关性较强,辅料发酵后在一定程度上可以提高产量;外源营养袋对于羊肚菌产量的影响是单位面积营养总量和营养袋摆放密度2个条件共同决定。[Objective] The effects of different formula of exogenous nutrition and input per unit area on Morchella sextelata yield were studied. [Method] Six experimental formulations were set up to study the effects of different formulations on M. sextelata production by using three gradients of wheat grain content(60%,70%,80%)and two variables of wood chips and corn cob fermentation. It was studied the effect of M. sextelata mycelium growth and yield by different unit area usage of exogenous nutrients by using the best formula. It was set up 12 experimental groups with three exogenous nutrient bag specifications and four placement densities.[Result] It had no significant effect of the time for the mycelium to fill the nutrient bag at the six formulas. The surface sclerotia and primordia were more and evenly distributed using nutrition bag with 80% wheat. When the nutrition bag was formulated to contain 80% wheat grains and the fermented sawdust and corncob,the yield of M. sextelata was the highest,reaching 1 360.13 g. When the size of the nutrition bag was 17 cm × 33 cm,4 000 bags were placed of land,and the yield of M. sextelata was up to 2 300.13 g. Under the condition that the total amount of exogenous nutrients was certain,the yield was affected by the placement density.[Conclusion] There was a linear relationship between the yield of M. sextelata and the content of wheat in the exogenous nutrient bag. The yield could be increased after fermentation. The influence of M. sextelata production was determined by the total amount of nutrients per unit area and the density of the nutrient bags. It would help increase the yield of M. sextelata by the increase the number and size of the nutrition bag.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 外源营养袋 产量 

分 类 号：S646.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]