兰斯-蒂林效应发现历史的再回顾  

Revisiting the History of the Discovery of the Lense-Thirring Effect

作　　者：朱慧涓[1] ZHU Huijuan(Department of Physics,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100089)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学物理系,北京100089

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第7期45-51,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：2018年北京市教育委员会科技计划一般项目“”(项目编号:KM201810028005)。

摘　　要：兰斯-蒂林效应是广义相对论中转动质量的惯性拖拽效应,它的提出者是维也纳大学理论物理学家蒂林以及维也纳大学数学家兰斯。此效应的发现是人们长期思考旋转运动的惯性问题的结果,此类思考的早期代表研究是牛顿的水桶实验。马赫批判牛顿的绝对空间,重新阐述了惯性效应。爱因斯坦在惯性问题上受到马赫的影响,他提出广义相对论,为解决这类问题提供了理论框架。蒂林在爱因斯坦以及兰斯的帮助下最终解决了这个问题,正式提出兰斯-蒂林效应。重新回顾此效应的发现历史,可以看到,此效应的命名并不能反映出其发现者的真实贡献。实际上,爱因斯坦的贡献最大,蒂林次之,兰斯再次之。而蒂林作为维也纳大学相对论研究的中心人物,他在多数人还未充分理解广义相对论的深刻理论内涵之时,就以转动质量的效应问题展开对这一理论的研究,为广义相对论提供了三大经典实验检验之外的又一种检验依据,他的工作值得重新评价。The Lense-Thirring effect is a frame-dragging effect predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity.It was advanced by the Austrian theoretical physicist Hans Thirring and mathematician Josef Lense at the University of Vienna.The discovery of this effect is the result of the long-term reflect on the inertia of rotational motion.An early representative study of such thinking is Newton’s bucket experiment.Ernst Mach criticized Newton’s absolute space and restated the idea of inertial effect.Einstein was influenced by Mach on the problem of inertia,and he proposed the general theory of relativity,which provided a theoretical framework for solving such problems.Thirring,with the help of Einstein and Lense,finally solved this problem and formally proposed the Lense-Thirring effect.Looking back at the history of this effect,it is noticeable that the name of this effect does not reflect the real contribution of its discoverers.In fact,Einstein made greater contribution than Thirring and Lense.As a central figure in the research of relativity at the University of Vienna,Thirring had already begun his research with the problem of rotating mass in the framework of this theory,so as to provide another empirical test for it other than the three classical tests,when most people hadn’t fully understood the profound theoretical essence of the general theory of relativity.Thirring’s research work needs to be reevaluated.

关 键 词：兰斯- 蒂林效应 广义相对论 爱因斯坦 汉斯·蒂林 维也纳大学 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]