不同施肥水平对长期麦豆轮作体系土壤氮素及产量的影响  

Effects of Different N Fertilization Levelson Soil Nitrogen Content and Crop Yieldin Long-term Wheat-soybean Rotation

作　　者：孔德杰[1,2,3] 李娜[2,3] 任成杰 王维钰 任广鑫 冯永忠[2,3] 杨改河[2,3] 刘娜娜[4] KONG Dejie;LI Na;REN Chengjie;WANG Weiyu;REN Guangxin;FENG Yongzhong;YANG Gaihe;LIU Nana(Agricultural Biotechnology Center of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Ningxia Zhongke Jingke Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750011,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业生物技术研究中心,银川750002 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [4]宁夏中科精科检测技术有限公司,银川750011

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第6期729-740,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971859);陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心项目(2019HBGC-13);宁夏农林科学院项目(DWX-2018026);宁夏自治区自然科学基金(2021AAC03278)。

摘　　要：探索施肥对长期轮作下土壤氮素变化及产量的影响,对优化氮素管理具有重要作用。通过优化施肥方案,对关中地区冬小麦-夏大豆长期轮作模式下作物产量及土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物生物量氮含量动态变化进行定位研究。结果表明:土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量秋冬季较高,春夏季较低,微生物生物量氮变化趋势与之相反。土壤中氮素各组分含量均表现为表层土高于下层土,土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮平均含量及铵态氮层化比、土壤硝态氮与铵态氮比值随着化肥施用量的增加而增加,硝态氮层化比随施肥量的增加而减少。与不施肥相比,优化施肥促进微生物生物量氮含量的提升,而常规施肥导致微生物生物量氮含量下降。试验连续运行9a后,施肥导致土壤pH和水分含量下降,对小麦、大豆产量有显著影响,与不施肥处理相比,小麦、大豆平均增产50.20%、45.29%。麦豆长期轮作种植模式下优化施肥在基本保证作物产量的同时,降低土壤中全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,增加微生物生物量氮含量,减少化肥施用量。Exploring the effets of different N fertilization levels on nitrogen.change in soil and yield under longterm crop rotations will play an important role in optimization of the nitrogen manage-ment.In this field experiment,dfferenr fertiliation treatments were set up to assess the change of dif-ferent fractions of soil nitrogen and erop yield in winter wheat and summer soybean under long-term rotation.The range of total nitrogen(TN)NH4+-N,and NO3-N content in the soil during autumn and winter was higher than that during the spring,but the opposite trend was in microbial biomass nitro-gen(MBN)content.The different N fertilization levels enhanced the TN,NH,-Nrand NO3-N con-tents-and it had significant difference between the different treatments.The TN,NO3-N,NHt-N con-tents and NO;NH4+-N rates increased with increase of the fertilizer application-and the fraetions of soil nitrogen contents were higher in the surface soil than in the subsoil.The MBN content in-creased in response to the optimized fertilizer(0.8TF)treatment compared to the no fertilizer(NF)treatmenti but decreased in response to the total fertilizer(TF)treatment.After nine years of continu-ous operation of the experiments,soil pH and water content under treatment plots decreased,but the yield of wheat and soybean increased significantly:Winter wheat yield increased by 50.20%and sum-mer soybean increased by 45.29%,compared with the unfertilized plots.Under long term wheat-soy-bean rotation system,optimized fertilizer application can basically ensured the crop yield,at the same time,can reduce total N,nitrate N and ammonium,can increase N content of bio mass in microorgan-ism,fnally,the chemical fertilizer application is reduced.

关 键 词：优化施肥 麦豆轮作 氮组分含量 作物产量 

分 类 号：S344.13[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]