宁夏引黄灌区玉豆间作和带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Maize-soybean Intercropping and Strip Rotation on Water,Nitrogen Utilization and Yield of Maizein Yellow River Irrigated Area of Ningxia

作　　者：杨玲 郭茹[1,2] 刘洋 钱锐[1,2] 梁霞[1,2] 张鹏 蔡铁 任小龙[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] YANG Ling;GUO Ru;LIU Yang;QIAN Rui;LIANG Xia;ZHANG Peng;CAI Tie;REN Xiaolong;JIA Zhikuan(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi712100,China;Key Laboratory of CropPhysi-ecologyand Tillagein Northwestern Loess Plateau,Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Water-SavingAgriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第6期755-765,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BBF03011)。

摘　　要：探索间作及带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响,提出适合宁夏灌区的种植模式。试验于2019—2020年,在宁夏王团旱作节水高效农业试验站开展,设置玉米/大豆间作(IMS)、玉米-大豆带状轮作(RMS)、单作玉米(MM)、单作大豆(SS)4种种植模式。结果表明,与单作玉米相比,带状轮作处理使玉米拔节期至成熟期干物质积累量增加9.58%~11.45%,且与间作相比,干物质积累量增加4.29%~7.53%。带状轮作种植模式下玉米对氮素的积累量、转运量及籽粒贡献率比间作提高2.19%、30.44%和19.86%。带状轮作和间作处理土壤含水量比单作分别提高5.64%和3.98%,且主要分布于0~140cm土层,带状轮作处理玉米水分利用效率较单作增加38.00%,且比间作增加15.61%。与单作玉米相比,间作处理提高玉米产量11.3%,降低大豆产量51.39%;玉豆带状轮作处理弱化了种间竞争力,使玉米产量提高21.98%,大豆产量下降22.91%。因此,带状轮作种植模式在水分利用效率、干物质积累、氮素转运及产量方面优势明显,可作为宁夏引黄灌区的一种有效替代种植模式。The effet of strips rotation on water,nitrogen utilization and yield of maize was explored to find,suitable planting patters for Yellow River irrigated area in Ningxia.The field experiment was conducted during the spring maize growing seasons from 2019 and 2020 in Wangtuan Water sving Ir-rigation Station in Wangtuan Town of Ningxia in China.The four treatments including soybean mon-oculture(SS),maize monoeulture(MM),maize-soybean intercropping soybean(IMS)and maize-soy-bean rotational intercropping system(RMS)were set.The results showed that maize soybean rotation-al intercropping system(RMS)increased dry matter accumulation of maize by 9.58%-11.45%from jointing stage to maturity stage compared with maize monoculture;dry matter accumulation of maize increased by 4.29%-7.53%compared with maize-soybean intercropping(IMS).Under the soybean rotation intercropping system(RMS),nitrogen aeumulation,N translocation and N translocation effi-ciency in grain of maize increased by 2.19%.30.44%and 19.86%,respectively,compared with inter-cropping system.At maturity stage,soil water content under maize-soybean rotational intercropping system(RMS)and maize-soybean intercropping(IMS)increased by 5.64%and.3.98%.respectively,compared with that of maize monoculture(MM).and it mainly distributed in0-140 cm soil layer.Compared with maize monoculture(MM)and maize-soybean intercropping(IMS),water.use eficience(WUE)under maizesoybean rotational intercropping system(RMS)and strip rotation increased by 38.00%and 15.61%.respeetively.Under maize-soybean intercropping(IMS),maize yield increased by 11.3%.but the soybean yield decreased by 51.39%compared with maize and soybean monocul-ture.Under rotational intercropping system(RMS),maize yield increased by 21.98%,but the soy-bean yield decreased by 22.91%compared with maize and soybean monoculture.Therefore,the rota-tional intercropping is an optimal cropping system in Yellow River irrigated.area in Ningxia,which has obvious advantages in water use efficienc dry matter accumulation,N translocat

关 键 词：带状轮作 水分利用效率 氮素转运 宁夏引黄灌区 玉米 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学] S529