以色列的外籍劳工政策初探  

A Study on Israel’s Policies towards Foreign Workers

作　　者：艾仁贵[1] Rengui Ai

机构地区：[1]河南大学以色列研究中心、区域与国别研究院,开封475001

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第3期106-115,共10页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“犹太通史”(15ZDB060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为全球化带来的国际劳工流动的一部分,从20世纪90年代初开始,以色列大批引入来自第三世界的外籍劳工,以替代低端劳动力市场中的本国公民和巴勒斯坦劳工,这些国际劳工主要分布在建筑业、农业、家政业三大低端劳动力市场。外籍劳工人数的持续增多引起以色列公众的担忧,担心引发“特洛伊木马效应”,认为它的长期存在威胁着本国的犹太属性。为此,以色列出台相关法律法规并成立执法机构,实施包括配额许可、中介招募、捆绑雇佣与逾期遣返等管控措施。从身份政治构建的视角看,以色列的外籍劳工政策折射出其极力维护犹太属性的目的。As a part of the international labor flow brought about by globalization, Israel has accepted a large number of foreign workers from the Third World to replace its citizens and Palestinian workers in the low-skilled labor market since early 1990 s. Foreign workers in Israel have mainly concentrated in three low-end labor sectors of construction, agriculture and housekeeping. The increasing number of foreign workers have raised concerns among the Israelis, who worry that it will cause a “Trojan horse effect”, and believe that their long-term stay is bound to threaten the Jewish character of the State. In order to control the foreign workers, Israel has issued relevant laws and regulations and established law-enforcement agencies. The specific policies or regulations include quota licensing, intermediary recruitment, binding employment and overdue repatriation. From the perspective of identity politics, Israel’s policies towards foreign workers reflect the intention that Israel tries best to maintain its Jewish nature.

关 键 词：以色列 外籍劳工 身份政治构建 犹太属性 族裔民族主义 

分 类 号：D738.2[政治法律—政治学] F249.382[政治法律—中外政治制度]