不同苹果砧木对持续低磷的响应及适应性评价  

Response and Adaptability Evaluation of Different Apple Rootstocks to Continuous Phosphorus Deficiency

作　　者：解斌 安秀红[1,2] 陈艳辉 程存刚[1] 康国栋[1] 周江涛[1] 赵德英 李壮[1] 张艳珍[1] 杨安 XIE Bin;AN XiuHong;CHEN YanHui;CHENG CunGang;KANG GuoDong;ZHOU JiangTao;ZHAODeYing;LI Zhuang;ZHANG YanZhen;YANG An(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning;Hebei Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas/Mountainous Areas Research Institute of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]河北农业大学/国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心/河北省山区研究所,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第13期2598-2612,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP);国家现代苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201100);河北省高等学校科学研究项目(QN2020231)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究7种苹果砧木幼苗对低磷胁迫的响应特征,评价不同砧木的低磷适应性,为耐低磷苹果砧木的选用及磷高效利用生理机制的研究提供理论依据。【方法】以生产中常用的5种苹果矮化砧木(‘T337’‘Nic29’‘Pajam2’‘B9’‘71-3-150’)、半矮化砧木‘青砧2号’(Qingzhen 2)和乔化砧‘山定子’(Malus baccata(L.)Borkh.)为材料,通过盆栽沙培试验的方法,研究各砧木在正常供磷和低磷条件下树体生长、光合作用、叶片形态及根系构型、生物量积累、磷吸收利用及转运分配的差异。【结果】低磷条件下,‘T337’‘Nic29’‘Pajam2’和‘山定子’的地上部生长和植株生物量积累显著下降,‘山定子’和‘青砧2号’的平均叶面积显著降低,其中‘山定子’的叶片SPAD值与正常供磷相比下降了9.47%。与对照相比,低磷条件下‘B9’的平均叶面积、叶片长度和叶片宽度均显著升高,‘71-3-150’和‘青砧2号’的叶片SPAD值显著提高,‘B9’‘71-3-150’‘Nic29’和‘青砧2号’的F;显著升高,F;/F;显著降低,‘71-3-150’下降最明显。‘T337’‘Nic29’‘山定子’和‘青砧2号’在低磷条件下根系生长均受到明显抑制,根系总表面积、总根长显著降低,其中‘T337’降幅最大;‘B9’和‘71-3-150’的根系总表面积和根总体积均显著增加,植株根冠比显著提高,其中‘71-3-150’根冠比增幅最大,是对照的1.54倍。低磷条件下,‘71-3-150’‘Nic29’‘Pajam2’‘山定子’和‘青砧2号’的磷利用效率和磷转运系数降低,‘71-3-150’‘Nic29’‘Pajam2’和‘山定子’的地上部磷累积量减少,而根系磷含量和累积量高于对照,‘71-3-150’的根系磷累积量增幅最大。采用最大方差法正交旋转得出与耐低磷性最相关的13个主成分因子,利用隶属函数对13个主成分因子进行综合评价,结合聚类分析可以将7种苹果砧木分为4种耐性类【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the response characteristics of seven apple rootstock seedlings to low phosphorus stress,and to evaluate the low phosphorus adaptability of different rootstocks,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the selection of low phosphorus-tolerant apple rootstocks and the study of the physiological mechanism of efficient phosphorus utilization.【Method】Five kinds of apple dwarf rootstocks(T337,Nic29,Pajam2,B9 and 71-3-150),a semi-dwarf rootstock(Qingzhen2),and a vigorous rootstock(Malus baccata(L.)Borkh.),which were commonly used in the production of apple,were used as materials.Through the potted sand culture test method,the differences in tree growth,photosynthesis,leaf morphology and root architecture,biomass accumulation,phosphorus absorption and utilization,transportation and distribution of each rootstock under normal phosphorus(NP)and low phosphorus(LP)supply conditions were studied.【Result】Under LP treatment,the shoot growth and plant biomass accumulation of T337,Nic29,Pajam2,and M.baccata(L.)Borkh.were significantly decreased,the average leaf area of M.baccata(L.)Borkh.and Qingzhen2 were decreased notably,and the leaf SPAD value of M.baccata(L.)Borkh.was 9.47%lower than that under NP treatment.Compared with the control,under the condition of LP,the average leaf area,leaf length and leaf width of B9 were significantly increased,while the leaf SPAD values of 71-3-150 and Qingzhen2 were significantly increased;the F;values of B9,71-3-150,Nic29 and Qingzhen2 were significantly increased,while the F;/F;values were significantly decreased,and the most obvious decrease was 71-3-150.Under LP condition,the root growth of T337,Nic29,M.baccata(L.)Borkh.and Qingzhen2 were all significantly inhibited,and the total root surface area and total root length were significantly reduced,among which T337 decreased more;the total root surface area and total root volume of B9 and 71-3-150 were significantly increased,while the ratio of root/shoot of B9 and 71-3-150 was si

关 键 词：苹果砧木 耐低磷 根系构型 养分吸收 综合评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]