饲粮中添加膨化羽毛粉对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响  

Effect of Expanded Feather Powder on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Broiler

作　　者：陈志敏[1] 常文环[1] 郑爱娟[1] 蔡辉益[1] 刘国华[1] CHEN ZhiMin;CHANG WenHuan;ZHENG AiJuan;CAI HuiYi;LIU GuoHua(Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所/农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第13期2643-2653,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0501406);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(AST1P)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究膨化羽毛粉(EFM)的营养成分、胃蛋白酶消化率、羽毛粉膨化过程中超微形貌特征变化以及在玉米-豆粕-杂粕饲粮中添加EFM对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能及氮平衡相关血液指标的影响,为EFM在肉鸡生产中的应用提供基础数据。【方法】选择1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,不添加EFM,试验组分别饲喂含EFM 0.5%,1%,2%的日粮(可消化氨基酸平衡配方),试验期间自由采食,饲养时间42 d。21和42日龄时,记录采食量,计算1—21日龄、22—42日龄和1—42日龄的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比。另外,每重复随机选取1只鸡,心脏采血,分离血清,用于谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、尿素、肌酐和血氨含量测定。42日龄时,每重复随机选取1只鸡屠宰,测定屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、腿肌率、胸肌率和腹脂率。【结果】不同膨化阶段扫描电镜的结果可见,膨化处理可使羽毛断裂,结构变得松散,与环境的接触面更大。从肉鸡生长性能来看,前期(1—21日龄)和后期(22—42日龄)饲料中添加0.5%,1%,2%的EFM对平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);全期(1—42日龄)EFM对平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),添加2%EFM组显著降低了耗料增重比(P<0.05)。42日龄时,EFM对半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著影响(P>0.05);2%和1.5%EFM添加组显著提高了屠宰率(P<0.05)。21日龄时,EFM对丙氨酸转氨酸(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血清尿素氮(UREA)、肌酐(CREA)和血氨无显著影响(P>0.05),添加2%EFM显著降低碱性磷酸酶(ALP)(P<0.05)。添加1.5%膨化羽毛粉显著提高总蛋白(TP)含量(P<0.05)。42日龄时,EFM对ALP、AST、ALP、TP和CREA无显著影响(P>0.05),显著降低血清UREA和血氨(P<0.05)。【结论】羽毛�【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the nutritional indexes,pepsin digestibility,ultra micro morphological changes of expanded feather meal(EFM)and the effects of expanded feather meal(EFM)on broiler performance and related blood indexes,so as to determine whether EFM can be used in broiler feed and the appropriate level.【Method】2401-day-old healthy AA male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.Four treatment groups were fed with EFM 0,0.5%,1%,2%diet(digestible amino acid balance formula)for 42 days.The average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI)and feed to weight ratio(F/G)of 1-21,22-42 and 1-42 days old were calculated.At the age of 21 and 42 days,Blood was collected from heart and serum was separated for determination of AST,ALT,ALP,TP,urea,CREA and ammonia.At the age of 42 days,one chicken was randomly selected for slaughter in each replicate,and the slaughter rate,full evisceration rate,half evisceration rate,leg muscle rate,chest muscle rate and abdominal fat rate were determined.【Result】The results showed puffing treatment could make the feather break,the structure became loose,and the contact area with the environment was larger.EFM had no significant effect on the average daily gain and average daily intake(P>0.05)in the whole period(1-42days),and the addition of 2%EFM significantly reduced the ratio of feed consumption to weight gain(P<0.05).At the age of 42days,EFM had no significant effect on the rate of half clean bore,full clean bore,chest muscle,leg muscle and abdominal fat(P>0.05);2%and 1.5%EFM significantly increased the slaughter rate(P<0.05).At the age of 21 days,EFM had no significant effect on ALT,AST,UREA,CREA and ammonia(P>0.05).Adding 1.5%expanded feather powder significantly increased the TP content(P<0.05).At the age of 42 days,EFM had no significant effect on ALP,AST,ALP,TP and CREA(P>0.05),and significantly reduced urea and blood ammonia(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The resul

关 键 词：膨化羽毛粉 扫描电镜 肉鸡 生长性能 屠宰率 生化指标 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]