立枯丝核菌对高粱幼苗活性氧及抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Effects of Rhizoctonia solani on Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sorghum Seedlings

作　　者：郭怀刚 赵长江[2] 吴亚滨 GUO Huaigang;ZHAO Changjiang;WU Yabin(Changyuan Branch of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changyuan, Henan 453400, China;2College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院长垣分院,河南长垣453400 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2022年第5期796-802,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发项目(2017YFD0200803);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY16A06);黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK135-02-05);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HKKY190210)。

摘　　要：以立枯丝核菌AG1-IA接种‘龙杂19号’高粱幼苗,通过盆栽试验在不同侵染时间观测分析高粱幼苗生长及生理代谢相关指标,揭示立枯丝核菌侵染对高粱生长、渗透调节物质及其抗氧化酶活性的影响机理。结果表明,(1)高粱幼苗株高、根长、地上(茎和叶片)鲜质量和干质量、地下(根)鲜质量和干质量均随接种时间延长呈下降趋势,且在接菌72 h时较对照依次分别显著下降了41.0%、29.2%、50.0%、50.0%、53.3%和50.0%。(2)幼苗叶片叶绿素a含量在接菌72 h时较对照显著下降45.3%,叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)值随接菌时间增加而逐渐下降。(3)幼苗叶片内MDA、O^(-·)_(2)和H_(2)O_(2)含量随接菌时间增加均呈逐渐上升趋势,在接菌72 h时较对照分别显著上升244.6%、140.4%和137.0%;叶片SOD、POD、APX和CAT的活性在接菌后变化趋势不尽相同,但在接菌72 h时较对照分别显著上升了16.5%、60.3%、50.0%和36.5%。(4)幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量随接菌时间增加均呈逐渐上升趋势,并在接菌24~72 h增幅均达到显著水平。研究发现,接种立枯丝核菌可致高粱幼苗植株产生病斑,体内活性氧过量积累,膜质发生显著氧化损伤;侵染前期高粱植株主要以积累更多的渗透调节物质来抵御立枯丝核菌带来的伤害,侵染后期随植株受到伤害加重,同时诱导植株抗氧化酶类活性显著增强,以维持高粱体内活性氧代谢稳态平衡,减少植物膜进一步氧化损伤。Sorghum seedlings of‘longza 19’were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA.We investigated the growth and physiological and metabolic indexes of sorghum seedlings at different infection times through pot experiment,so as to reveal the effects of R.solani infection on sorghum growth,osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activities.The results showed that:(1)the plant height,root length,aboveground(stem and leaf)fresh and dry mass,underground(root)fresh and dry mass of sorghum seedlings decreased with the extension of inoculation time,which decreased by 41.0%,29.2%,50.0%,50.0%,53.3%and 50.0%,respectively compared with the control at 72 h after inoculation.(2)The chlorophyll a content of seedling leaves decreased significantly by 45.3%compared with the control 72 h after inoculation,and the maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)of PSⅡdecreased gradually with the increase of inoculation time.(3)The contents of MDA and O^(-·)_(2) and H_(2)O_(2) in seedling leaves increased gradually with the increase of inoculation time,and increased significantly by 244.6%,140.4%and 137.0%compared with the control 72 h after inoculation;The activities of SOD,POD,APX and CAT in leaves changed differently after inoculation,but increased significantly by 16.5%,60.3%,50.0%and 36.5%compared with the control at 72 h.(4)The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in seedling leaves increased gradually with the increase of inoculation time,and reached a significant level at 24-72 h;It was found that inoculation with R.solani could cause disease spots in sorghum seedlings,excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and significant oxidative damage to membrane;In the early stage of infection,sorghum plants mainly accumulate more osmoregulation substances to resist the damage caused by R.solani.In the later stage of infection,the damage is aggravated with the plant,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes are significantly enhanced,so as to maintain the steady-state balance of reactive oxygen species metab

关 键 词：高粱 立枯丝核菌 活性氧 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S435.14[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]