水溶肥对促成盆栽伊藤牡丹‘巴茨拉’开花品质的影响  

Effect of Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Flowering Quality of Potted Itoh Peony‘Bartzella’under Forcing Cultivation

作　　者：王占超 史帅营 高双成[1] 史国安[1] WANG Zhanchao;SHI Shuaiying;GAO Shuangcheng;SHI Guo'an(Luoyang key Laboratory of Peony Biology, College of Mudan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Henan 471023, China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学牡丹学院,洛阳市牡丹生物学重点实验室河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2022年第5期845-853,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000500);河南省大学生创新创业计划(S2020464022)。

摘　　要：伊藤牡丹‘巴茨拉’是适合反季节盆花生产的优良品种。为探讨春节异地牡丹促成栽培中水溶肥调控盆栽‘巴茨拉’开花效果,在茎伸长初期用0、0.8、1.2和1.6 g·L^(-1)均衡型水溶肥(N-P-K=20-20-20+TE)进行灌根处理,观察测定水溶肥对植株生长发育、开花质量及相关生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)水溶肥灌根能显著促进盆栽‘巴茨拉’各部器官的生长和养分积累。(2)随水溶肥浓度的增加,叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量以及花枝长度、粗度和花蕾直径随之增大,各器官中氮素和钾素营养水平亦呈现增加趋势;中高浓度(1.2 g·L^(-1)和1.6 g·L^(-1))水溶肥条件下,花蕾直径分别比对照显著增大了4.4%和7.7%(P<0.05),使花促成栽培时间缩短了4.45 d和2.65 d,最佳观赏期延长了5.08 d和1.70 d。(3)中浓度水溶肥处理盛开期花朵最大,花朵直径和单株成花率分别比对照提高了16.0%和13.5%(P<0.05),并显著提高了花瓣中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素含量及色彩黄度(P<0.05)。研究发现,适宜浓度的水溶肥能够显著提高‘巴茨拉’促成栽培过程中枝叶花的协调性,使用水溶肥应成为‘巴茨拉’盆花生产的基础管理措施;反季节栽培伊藤牡丹‘巴茨拉’建议使用1.2 g·L^(-1)均衡型水溶肥进行灌根。‘Bartzella’is an excellent variety of Itoh peony[Paeonia Itoh group]because it can be planted in pots off-season.Growth and development,flowering quality,and related physiological indexes were evaluated following application of water-soluble fertilizer(N-P-K=20-20-20+TE)(0,0.8,1.2 and 1.6 g·L^(-1))in pots planted with‘Bartzella’in the south of China in winter at the initial stage of stem elongation.The results showed that:(1)fertilization significantly increased growth and nutrients of various organs of the plants.(2)Contents of chlorophyll,soluble protein and soluble sugar in leaves,stem length and diameter,bud diameter,and nitrogen and potassium levels in various organs increased with increasing dose.Bud diameter of the plants treated by 1.2 and 1.6 g·L^(-1) increased by 4.4%and 7.7%compared with the control(P<0.05),cultivation time decreased by 4.45 and 2.65 d,and the best viewing period increased by 5.08 and 1.70 d,respectively.(3)Flower diameter and flower formation rate per plant increased by 16.0%and 13.5%(P<0.05),respectively,and contents of flavonoids and carotenoids and yellowness of petals increased(P<0.05).Our results show that appropriate concentration of water-soluble fertilizer can significantly coordinate development of stems,leaves and flowers of off-season cultivated‘Bartzella’and can be used in potted cultivation.The dose of 1.2 g·L^(-1) is suggested.

关 键 词：水溶肥 促成栽培 伊藤牡丹 巴茨拉 开花质量 

分 类 号：Q945.64[生物学—植物学]