低碳生物冶金技术进展  

Review of low-carbon bio-hydrometallurgical technology

作　　者：申丽[1,2] 赵红波 邱冠周[1,2] SHEN Li;ZHAO Hongbo;QIU Guanzhou(School of Minerals Processing&Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410083,China;Key Lab of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中南大学生物冶金教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2022年第3期419-433,共15页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52174266,51934009)。

摘　　要：在“碳达峰、碳中和”的背景下,资源节约、循环与综合利用成为矿冶行业发展与转型的重要指导理念.因操作简单、成本低廉、环境友好等特点,生物冶金技术成为矿冶行业绿色高质量发展的关键技术之一.随着社会需求的变化及科学技术的进步,生物冶金的研究范围不断扩大,与不同研究方向的交叉融合也日渐频繁.在传统硫化矿的基础上,生物冶金也开始广泛应用于处理铀矿、稀土矿、海底矿、深地矿、外太空矿及固体废弃物(尾矿、冶炼渣、电子废弃物等)等资源.通过VOSviewer分析了新世纪以来生物冶金领域的研究热点和发展动态,并在此基础上简要综述了生物冶金的起源和发展,“双碳”背景下生物冶金在矿冶行业的发展前景,以及硫化矿、稀土矿、铀矿和固体废弃物生物冶金的基本原理、研究与应用进展.Under the vision of“emission peak and carbon neutrality”,resource conservation,recycling and comprehensive utilization have become important guiding concepts for the development and transformation of mining and metallurgy industry.Because of the advantages of simple equipment,low production costs and reduced environmental impact,bio-hydrometallurgical technology has become one of the key technologies for green and high-quality development in mining and metallurgy industry.With the change of social demands and the progress of science and technology,the research scope of biohydrometallurgy is expanding,and the cross and fusion of different research directions are becoming more and more frequent.On the basis of traditional sulfide ore,biohydrometallurgy has also been widely used in the research and treatment of uranium ore,rare earth ore,submarine ore,deep earth ore,outer space ore,solid waste(tailings,sludge,electronic waste,etc.)and other resources.By using VOSviewer,the research hotspots and development trends of biohydrometallurgy since the new century are analyzed.On this basis,the origin and development of biohydrometallurgy,the development prospect of biohydrometallurgy in mining and metallurgy industry under the background of“emission peak and carbon neutrality”,as well as the basic principles and recent research situation of the biohydrometallurgy of sulfide ore,rare earth ore,uranium ore and solid waste are reviewed.

关 键 词：碳达峰 碳中和 生物浸出 稀土 铀 资源循环 

分 类 号：TD982[矿业工程—选矿]