基于乘客出行时耗的公交网络拓扑结构分析  

Analysis on Bus Network Topology Based on Passenger Travel Time

作　　者：刘雪杰 欧阳彦峰 马腾腾 LIU Xue-jie;OUYANG Yan-feng;MA Teng-teng(Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044 China;Beijing Transport Institute,Beijing 100073 China;University of Illinois at Urbana,Urbana Illinois 61801,USA)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044 [2]北京交通发展研究院,北京100073 [3]伊利诺伊大学伊利诺伊州,美国伊利诺伊州厄巴纳61801

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2022年第5期175-181,190,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71734004)。

摘　　要：地面公交网络拓扑结构是公交线网布局和运营组织的重要依据。超大型城市的地面公交网络布局复杂,科学的网络拓扑结构不仅关系到乘客出行体验,也关系到运营企业的资源投入。地面公交网络拓扑结构受城市空间布局、乘客出行特征、路网结构、财政投入等多因素影响,而当前学术界缺乏针对这些因素的综合考量和系统研究,因此在实践中缺乏理论指导和方法遵循。基于时空经济的视角提出了地面公交网络拓扑结构设计应遵循与乘客出行空间分布特征匹配、有利于降低乘客出行时间成本、在政府财政可承受范围内3个原则,建立了包含基于大数据的乘客空间分布特征、基于企业和乘客出行成本的网络形态比较、基于道路拓扑结构的线网形态判断的综合分析方法,构建了在一定的地面公交投入水平下乘客全过程出行时耗的计算模型,对比分析了环式、枢纽式、棋盘式3种基础线网形态下乘客出行时耗的变化。最后,通过北京案例,对提出的地面公交网络拓扑结构分析框架进行了应用,在系统分析北京乘客出行分布特征、不同网络拓扑结构下乘客出行时耗变化及道路拓扑结构的基础上,得出了北京市应采取“棋盘+环+放射”的地面公交网络形态结构的结论,可为北京公交线网的优化调整和财政投入绩效评估提供重要参考。The topology of the ground bus network is an important basis for layout and operating organization of bus network.The ground bus network layout of super-large cities is complex,and the scientific network topology is not only related to the travel experience of passengers,but also related to the resource investment of operating enterprises.The topology of ground public transport network is affected by many factors such as urban spatial layout,passenger travel characteristics,road network structure,and financial investment.However,the current academic community lacks comprehensive consideration and systematic research on these factors,so there is a lack of theoretical guidance and methodological follow-up in practice.Based on the perspective of space-time economy,it is proposed that the topology design of the ground public transport network should follow 3 principles:matching with the spatial distribution characteristics of passenger travel,helping to reduce the cost of passenger travel time,and within the affordable range of government finance.A comprehensive analysis method,including passenger spatial distribution characteristics based on big data,network morphology comparison based on business and passenger travel costs,and road network morphology judgment based on road topology,is established.The calculation model of passenger travel time in the whole process under a certain level of ground public transport investment is constructed.The changes of passenger travel time under the basic network forms of ring,hub and grid are compared and analyzed.Finally,through the case of Beijing,the proposed topology analysis framework is applied.Based on the systematic analysis of the characteristics of passenger travel distribution in Beijing,the change of passenger travel time and road topology under different network topologies,it is concluded that Beijing should adopt a“chessboard+ring+radiation”ground public transport network structure,which can provide an important reference for the optimization and adjustment of Be

关 键 词：运输经济 网络拓扑结构 乘客出行时耗 地面公交 时空经济 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]