“其他危险方法”边缘类型的入罪化评析——以妨害安全驾驶、高空抛物为中心  

Comment on the Criminalization of Marginalized Types of “Other Dangerous Methods”

作　　者：张弘[1] Zhang Hong

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2022年第1期124-137,共14页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：犯罪认定本身系一种"归类"的过程,在以危险方法危害公共安全罪的归类判断中,争议主要集中于"其他危险方法"。伴随社会经济的快速发展,妨害安全驾驶、高空抛物行为已成为常发的、亟须厘清行为性质的"其他危险方法"的边缘类型。"公共"仅指不特定而与数量无关,不应以"公共安全"这一结果要素完全取代"其他危险方法"这一行为要素。类型化的"其他危险方法"是判断是否构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪的关键,该罪虽然属于典型的口袋罪,但不宜进行过度的扩张,尤其对于处在概念边缘的待规制行为类型,需要具体判断是否符合"相当性"的危险。《刑法修正案(十一)》集中应对妨害安全驾驶与高空抛物行为,显示了在风险社会中刑法顺应民众需求、遏制公共危险的积极态度。结合"其他危险方法"的实质内涵,对《刑法修正案(十一)》正式实施后的妨害安全驾驶罪和高空抛物罪有针对性地展开实证分析,以期检视司法理论与实务中可完善之处。As a matter of fact, criminal identification is a process of “classification”. In the classification judgment of the crime of endangering public safety by dangerous methods, the mainly controversy focuses on the “other dangerous methods”. With the rapid development of social economy, jeopardizing safe driving and throwing things from high altitude have became common marginalized types of “other dangerous methods”, which need to be clarified the nature of behavior urgently. “Public” only means not specific, which has nothing to do with quantity, and the result element of “public safety” shouldn’t completely replace the behavior element of “other dangerous methods”. Typed “other dangerous methods” is the key to judge whether it constitutes the crime of endangering public safety by dangerous methods. Although this accusation is a typical pocket crime, it shouldn’t be expanded excessively. We need to judge whether it meets the risk of “equivalence” specifically, especially for the types of behaviors to be regulated that are on the edge of the concept. “Eleventh Amendment of Criminal Law” concentrates on the behavior of jeopardizing safe driving and throwing things from high altitude, which demonstrates that criminal law responds to the needs of people and prevents public dangers with a positive attitude in current risk society. Combined with the essential connotation of the “other dangerous methods”, the thesis researches empirical analysis on jeopardizing safe driving and throwing things from high altitude, particularly after the official implementation of “Eleventh Amendment of Criminal Law”, with a view to examine what can be perfected in judicial theory and practice.

关 键 词：以危险方法危害公共安全罪 其他危险方法 公共安全 妨害安全驾驶 高空抛物 

分 类 号：D924.32[政治法律—刑法学]