基于结构方程模型的医务人员感染性职业暴露防护影响因素研究  

Research on influencing factors of infectious occupational exposure protection of medical staff based on structural equation modeling

作　　者：朱敬蕊[1] 张向君[1] 崔琢[1] Zhu Jingrui;Zhang Xiangjun;Cui Zhuo(Department of infection management,the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu,Anhui,233000,China)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠医学院第一附属医院医院感染管理科,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔医学院学报》2022年第8期754-759,共6页Journal of Qiqihar Medical University

基　　金：安徽省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(SK2019A0208)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨基于结构方程模型的医务人员职业暴露防护的影响因素,为医务人员感染性职业暴露防护提供理论依据。方法 于2020年4月采用自行设计的调查问卷对安徽省蚌埠地区三家医院的医务人员进行多中心研究,通过SPSS 21.0和AMOS 24.0统计软件进行数据的描述性统计分析、信效度检验、相关性分析、因子分析和结构方程模型检验。结果 模型拟合较理想,医院防护管理和科室防护管理直接影响医务人员个人防护意识,科室防护管理对医务人员个人防护意识的影响较大,路径系数为0.54。医院防护管理对医务人员个人防护意识的直接影响较小,路径系数为0.39,但其可通过科室防护管理间接对个人防护意识产生影响,间接路径系数为0.44。个人防护意识对医务人员感染性职业暴露防护行为的影响最大,其路径系数为0.75。组织培训、防护督查的因子负荷量均是0.92,容易获得防护用品的因子负荷量0.86。结论 医务人员感染性职业暴露防护的主要影响因素有医院的组织培训、防护督查、经费投入、科室的工作环境、是否容易获得防护用品、医疗废物的管理以及个人防护知识的掌握程度和工作状态,医院可以根据医务人员感染性职业暴露防护影响因素理论模型的效应值大小,拟定针对性的干预措施。Objective The structural equation model is used to study the influencing factors of occupational exposure protection for medical staff, and provide a theoretical basis for medical staff in infectious occupational exposure protection.Methods In Apr. 2020, a self-designed questionnaires was applied to conduct a multi-center study on the medical staff of three hospitals in in Bengbu, Anhui province. The descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity test, correlation analysis, factor analysis and structural equation model test were performed by SPSS21.0 and AMOS24.0 statistical software.Results The model fitting is ideal. Hospital protection management and department protection management directly affect the personal protection awareness of medical staff,and department protection management has a greater influence on the personal protection awareness of medical staff,with a path coefficient of 0.54. Hospital protection management has a small direct influence on the personal protection awareness of medical staff,with a path coefficient of 0. 39,but it can indirectly affect personal protection awareness through department protection management,with an indirect path coefficient of 0.44. Personal protection awareness has the greatest influence on protective behavior of infectious occupational exposure of medical staff,and its path coefficient is 0.75. The factor load of training and protection supervision is0.92,and the factor load of protective equipment is 0.86.Conclusions The main influencing factors of protection against infectious occupational exposure of medical staff include hospital training,supervision of protection,funding,working environment of the department,easy access to protective equipment,management of medical waste,and the mastery of personal protection knowledge and working status. Hospitals could formulate targeted intervention measures based on the effect value of the theoretical model of the influencing factors of infectious occupational exposure protection for medical staff.

关 键 词：医务人员 感染性职业暴露 防护行为 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]