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作 者:罗飞 蒋丽娜[1] 居昱[1] 黄君[1] 廖和壮[1] 曾竣[1] 王晶[1] 林玫[1] LUO Fei;JIANG Li-na;JU Yu;HUANG Jun;LIAO He-zhuang;ZENG Jun;WANG Jing;LIN Mei(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Biosafety Emergency Response,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,Guangxi 530028,China)
机构地区:[1]广西重大传染病防控与生物安全应急响应重点实验室,广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028
出 处:《现代预防医学》2022年第12期2271-2275,2280,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine
基 金:广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2018063);广西壮族自治区卫生和计划生育委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z2016442)。
摘 要:目的分析广西壮族自治区(简称广西)诺如病毒感染引起腹泻疫情的流行病学特征及其影响因素,为疫情防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2016—2020年广西诺如病毒聚集和暴发疫情报告及个案数据资料整理,分析比较罹患率、报告及时性、建立病例地理分布等指标。结果2016—2020年广西共发生诺如病毒疫情50起,累计病例数2707例,疫情整体呈上升的趋势,年平均增长率33.75%;50起疫情发生于城市29起,农村地区21起,罹患率城市高于农村,差异有统计学意义(趋势χ^(2)=58.863,P<0.001),疫情主要发生场所在托幼机构和学校共38起,占总报告数的76.00%(38/50);发病年龄主要集中在0~20岁年龄组,占74.17%(2008/2707);疫情分布有明显季节性,主要集中春季(3—5月)和秋季(9—11月);在一个潜伏期(1~2d)内疫情报告率为74.00%;对50起诺如病毒疫情进行基因分型,诺如病毒GII型感染占86.00%(43/50),其次混合型GⅠ和GⅡ基因型并存占8.00%(4/50)。采集病例肛拭子664份和外环境标本361份,检出率分别为51.66%(343/664)和9.44%(42/361)。结论广西诺如病毒疫情呈逐年上升趋势,疾控中心在监测的基础上做好疫情防控技术指导加强疫情防控相关措施,提高集体单位应对疫情能力及报告意识。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of diarrhea caused by norovirus infection in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze and compare the prevalence rate,timeliness of reporting and geographical distribution of cases of norovirus in Guangxi from 2016 to 2020.Results A total of 50 norovirus outbreaks occurred in Guangxi from 2016 to 2020,with a cumulative number of 2707 cases.The overall trend of the epidemic was on the rise,with an average annual growth rate of 33.75%.Fifty outbreaks occurred in 29 urban and 21 rural areas,with higher incidence rate in urban than in rural areas(trendχ^(2)=58.863,P<0.001).A total of 38 cases occurred in childcare institutions and schools,accounting for 76.00%of the total number of cases reported(38/50).The age of incidence was mainly concentrated in 0 to 20 years age group,accounting for 74.17%(2008/2707).The distribution of the epidemic had obvious seasonality,mainly concentrated in spring(March to May)and autumn(September to November).The epidemic reporting rate was 74.00%within an incubation period(1-2d).According to genotyping of 50 norovirus epidemics,norovirus GⅡtype infection accounted for 86.00%(43/50),followed by mixed GⅠand GⅡgenotypes co-existing accounted for 8.00%(4/50).The detection rate was 51.66%(343/664)and 9.44%(42/361)for 664 anal swabs and 361 external environmental specimens collected from cases,respectively.Conclusion Norovirus outbreaks in Guangxi are on the rise year by year.The CDC should enhance technical guidance on outbreak prevention and control on the basis of regular monitoring and improve the ability of collective institutions to respond to outbreaks and awareness of reporting.
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