桑椹肥大型菌核病化学防治技术研究  

Study on the chemical control of hypertrophic sorosis scleroteniosis disease in mulberry

作　　者：朱志贤 董朝霞 莫荣利[1] 李勇[1] 邓文[1] 胡兴明[1] 于翠[1] ZHU Zhixian;DONG Zhaoxia;MO Rongli;LI Yong;DENG Wen;HU Xingming;YU Cui(Institute of Economic Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第7期1262-1270,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划支持项目(2020YFD1000700);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22-ZJ0304);农业农村部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室开放基金课题(2018ZTSJJ15);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2018-620-003-001)。

摘　　要：【目的】桑椹肥大型菌核病是由桑实杯盘菌(Ciboria shiraiana)引起的果桑毁灭性病害,通过研究拟采取化学或生物防治措施安全有效控制该病害。【方法】测定了13种不同药剂对桑实杯盘菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,选择抑菌效果较好的药剂进行了2年田间防治试验,研究了不同药剂和不同防治时期对防治效果的影响,并进行农药残留检测;同时比较了哈茨木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌2种常用生防菌剂对病害的防治效果。【结果】50%咪鲜胺锰和42.4%唑咪·氟酰胺抑菌效果最好,EC50均为0.01μg·mL^(-1);其次是50%多菌灵、50%异菌脲、30%戊唑·多菌灵、50%腐霉利;72%霜脲·锰锌抑菌效果最差,EC50为15.10μg·mL^(-1)。多菌灵、咪鲜胺锰盐和唑醚·氟酰胺2年田间校正防效较好,均在95%以上,腐霉利校正防效较差,为88.11%。多菌灵农药残留超标,咪鲜胺锰盐、唑醚·氟酰胺和腐霉利在安全范围内。鹊口期、开叶期和花穗形成期后开始喷药校正防效分别为96.98%、97.65%和96.39%,初花期开始施药的校正防效为91.40%,与前3个时期存在显著差异。哈茨木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌校正防效分别为61.74%和54.74%。【结论】为防止病菌产生抗药性,在果桑花穗形成期开始可交替使用咪鲜胺锰盐和唑醚·氟酰胺,7~10 d喷施1次,采摘前25~30 d可停止用药,该方法可安全有效控制病害,并满足食品安全需求。生物防治效果不理想,还需进一步探索和优化。【Objective】The hypertrophic sorosis scleroteniosis caused by Ciboria shiraiana is a destructive disease in mulberry production.Carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl are currently being used as the main fungicides to control the disease,which have caused severe impacts on environmental pollution and food safety.To safely and effectively control the disease,high-efficiency fungicides were selected by mycelium growth rate method and used for field trial in 2019 and 2021.The high efficiency and safe fungicide screened from 2019 field experiment was used for study on the efficacy of controlling the disease at different stages,and the two common biological fungicides Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis were also compared in 2021.The fungicide residues of each treatment were detected.【Methods】The inhibitive effects of 13 different fungicides on the mycelia growth of C.shiraiana were determined.There were four replicates for each treatment,and the untreated PDA medium was served as the control.Those with better inhibitive effects were used in field trials.Four treatments were set up in Wuhan city,Hubei province in 2019.Carbendazim,prochloraz-manganese,pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad,and water as the control were used to evenly spray the whole mulberry tree canopy and surrounding ground for four times.The above treatments were randomly arranged with each treatment having 3 replicates.The corrected control efficiencies of different fungicides were investigated,and the fungicide residues were detected 20 days after the last spray.For calculation of the corrected control efficiency,nine branches of each mulberry tree were randomly selected,and the number of total and diseased fruits on each branch was recorded,sampling one meter in length.The effects of different fungicides,different control stages and biological control method were evaluated in Xiaogan city,Hubei province in 2021.Carbendazim,prochloraz-manganese,pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad,procymidone,and water as the control were used for the assessment of diffe

关 键 词：桑椹 肥大型菌核病 化学防治 防治时期 生物防治 

分 类 号：S663.2[农业科学—果树学]