桃低需冷量种质发掘、创新与利用——中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所研究进展  

Advance in research on exploration, improvement and utilization of low chilling requirement germplasm resources in peach and nectarine:Progress of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

作　　者：王力荣[1] 朱更瑞[1] 方伟超[1] 曹珂[1] 陈昌文[1] 王新卫[1] 李勇[1] 吴金龙 WANG Lirong;ZHU Gengrui;FANG Weichao;CAO Ke;CHEN Changwen;WANG Xinwei;LI Yong;WU Jinlong(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第7期1295-1307,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-30-1-04);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-ZFRI-01)。

摘　　要：综述了中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所40多年来在桃低需冷量种质发掘、创新与利用方面的工作。(1)确立了桃需冷量的适宜评价模式,明确了我国不同生态型、不同品种群的桃品种需冷量分布范围,阐明了低需冷量种质的遗传特点和主要生物学特点,提出了利用降低品种需冷量、缩短童期、提高早期丰产性的育种理论。(2)首次收集、引进、发掘低需冷量桃优异种质30份;开发了500 h为分界线的需冷量分子鉴定标记,准确率92.2%;创新低需冷量、早熟优异种质3份;利用优异种质培育低、低中需冷量品种34个,其中鲜食品种29个,平均需冷量598 h,与原有主要栽培品种800~900 h比较,平均降低29.6%;观赏桃品种5个,平均需冷量500 h,比原有主栽品种降低48.1%。育成的品种在产业中应用,扩展了我国桃栽培南限,成为我国设施桃主要栽培品种。(3)系统研究了打破自然休眠进程的生理机制以及需冷量对桃设施栽培扣棚升温、果实成熟期、产量、连续结果能力等方面的影响,成为我国落叶果树设施栽培的最重要理论基础之一,指导了设施促早栽培关键技术。Chilling requirement is an important agronomic trait of peach, which significantly impacts cultivation and distribution of peach germplasm resources. In the present article, we review the research progresses in the development, innovation and application of low chilling requirement germplasm resources since 1980s in Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.(1) A total of four chilling requirement evaluation models have been established, including <7.2℃ model, 0-7.2 ℃ model, Utah model and dynamic model. Through the comparison among different models,the 0-7.2 ℃ model is confirmed to be the optimal chilling requirement evaluation model for peach in Zhengzhou. Using 0-7.2 ℃ model, the characteristics and distributions of chilling requirement for different ecotypes and populations are identified. The genetic and biological characteristics of low chilling requirement germplasm are examined. Based on these outcomes, a new theory regarding shortening the juvenile phase and improving early yield through reducing the chilling requirement has been developed.(2) A total of 30 low chilling requirement accessions have been initially collected, imported and mined,like Nanshan Tian Tao and Early Red 2, some of which have been widely used in low chilling requirement breeding. Using genome-wide association study, the quantitative trait loci(QTL) for chilling requirement are identified, including a major QTL on chromosome 1, which is co-located with EVG locus. However, the key gene conferring chilling requirement remains unclear. A PCR marker for low chilling requirement genotypes(< 500 hours) with an accuracy of 92.2% is developed, which has significantly improved the efficiency of low chilling requirement breeding. Three new germplasm resources with low chilling requirement and early ripening date have been bred. A total of 34 new cultivars with low chilling requirement are released, of which 29 are edible and 5 are ornamental. The average chilling requirement for the 29 edible cultiva

关 键 词：桃 低需冷量 种质资源 发掘 创新 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]