美国外交政策的转变:从新孤立主义向国际主义的回摆  

The Change in U.S.Foreign Policy:A Swing Back from Neo-Isolationism to Internationalism

作　　者：安高乐 AN Gaole

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学华西边疆研究所

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2022年第3期20-36,152,153,共19页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘印太战略’背景下越南与域外国家海洋安全合作的新特征、逻辑动因及影响研究”(项目编号:21BGJ062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2016年美国大选中特朗普以“美国优先”为口号,煽动“伊斯兰恐惧症”和“国外恐惧症”来迎合民粹主义的要求而当选总统,这很大程度上是美国在实力相对衰落的情况下恢复到新孤立主义的表现。特朗普政府处处以美国利益优先的做法不断破坏其与盟友之间的关系,国内治理能力在疫情中乏善可陈,在一定程度上使其无法连任。拜登以恢复美国传统价值观为竞选纲领当选总统后,重新强调美国对世界的领导责任,调整与盟友的关系,调整前政府对中国和俄罗斯单打独斗的策略,强调以规则为基础的国际秩序,重新团结盟友和伙伴对付中国和俄罗斯。从国家层面上重新利用美国的全部权力以重建全球领导地位,敲打和警告违反人权的盟友,承诺向世界提供公共产品;从地区层面修复和调整跨大西洋伙伴关系、日韩关系以及与中东的关系等;从国际层面重返国际组织和恢复国际条约及国际机制;在对华关系上,与特朗普最后一年采取制裁+威胁“全面脱钩”的政策稍微不同,拜登对中国采取全面竞争+接触+高新技术领域脱钩的外交政策;对俄罗斯实行合作+遏制+全面制裁的政策。In the U.S.general election of 2016,Trump incited"Islamophobia"and"xenophobia"to cater to populist requirements and was elected president by using"America first"as the slogan.It displays that U.S.reverted to the policy of Neo-isolationism largely due to its relatively decline hegemony.The Trump administration’s perference of"America first"policy has continuously undermined its relations with its allies,and the lack of domestic governance capabilities during the epidemic has made it impossible to re-elect to a certain extent.After Biden was elected president with the restoration of traditional American values as the campaign platform,he re-emphasized the leadership responsibility of the United States to the world and adjusted its relations with allies.In terms of relations with China,America’s foreign policy under Biden administration is slightly different from Trump’s policy of"full decoupling"in the last year and Biden has adopted a foreign policy of"containment and engagement"towards China.

关 键 词：新孤立主义 世界主义 外交政策 “软实力” 拜登政府 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]