西安市典型道路扬尘排放清单及化学组分  

Emission inventory and chemical compositions of fugitive dust sources at typical roads in Xi’an,China

作　　者：张帅[1,2] 李光华 邓顺熙[1,2] 巴利萌 路珍珍[1] 李姜豪 宋慧[1] 卢攀 ZHANG Shuai;LI Guanghua;DENG Shunxi;BA Limeng;LU Zhenzhen;LI Jianghao;SONG Hui;LU Pan(School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,西安710064 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第6期318-328,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFC0212206);陕西省重点产业创新链(群)研发计划项目(No.2018ZDCXL-SF-02-05)。

摘　　要：道路扬尘是城市大气颗粒的主要来源之一,扬尘中含有的重金属、碳质组分和水溶性离子会危害人体健康.为研究西安市道路扬尘的排放量及颗粒物的化学组分,在西安市环路、主干路、次干路和支路设监测点,采集了141个道路积尘样品,估算了不同类型道路的积尘负荷.采用AP-42模型估算了不同类型道路的扬尘排放因子,建立了2018年西安市道路扬尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放清单,分析了道路扬尘颗粒物的化学组分.基于西安市路网分布、GIS信息和车流量对道路扬尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放量进行了空间分配.结果表明,西安市机动车道、非机动车道和人行道的积尘负荷分别为(0.88±0.83)、(2.62±2.23)和(1.41±1.42)g·m^(-2).按道路长度加权平均的扬尘中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放因子分别为0.22和0.93 g·km^(-1)·veh^(-1).2018年西安市道路扬尘中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放量分别为(1.78±0.47)×10^(4)和(7.35±1.96)×10^(4) t.道路扬尘中PM_(2.5)占PM_(10)的比例为24.2%.路尘中Ca和Si占PM_(10)质量的38.8%,重金属、碳质组分(OC和EC)和水溶性离子(SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-))分别占PM_(10)的1.9%、4.2%和19.8%.Road fugitive dust is one of the major sources of particulate matter in urban environment.Heavy metals,carbonaceous components and water-soluble ions in road fugitive dust are harmful to human health.In order to estimate the emissions and investigate the chemical compositions of road fugitive dust in Xi’an,141 samples of road surface silts were collected at monitoring sites set up on the ring road,main road,sub-main road and branch road of Xi’an.The average loadings of road silt on different types of road were calculated.Emission inventories and factors of road fugitive PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) on the roads in 2018 were obtained using the AP-42 model.The chemical compositions of samples of road fugitive dust were also analyzed.The spatial allocation of road fugitive dust emissions was obtained based on road network distribution,GIS information and traffic flows in Xi’an.The results showed that the silt loadings of motorway,non-motorway and pavement in Xi’an were(0.88±0.83),(2.62±2.23)and(1.41±1.42)g·m^(-2),respectively.The road-length weigh-average emission factors of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were 0.22 and 0.93 g·km^(-1)·veh^(-1),respectively.The PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) emissions of road fugitive dust in Xi’an in 2018 were(1.78±0.47)×10^(4) and(7.35±1.96)×10^(4) t,respectively.In road fugitive dust,PM_(2.5) mass accounted for 24.2%of PM_(10) mass.The sum of Ca and Si masses contributed to 38.8%PM_(10) mass.Heavy metals,carbonaceous components(OC and EC)and water-soluble ions(NO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-))accounted for 1.9%,4.2%and 19.8%of PM_(10) mass,respectively.

关 键 词：道路扬尘 积尘负荷 排放清单 化学组分 西安 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]