我国厚及特厚煤层高强度开采导水裂缝带发育高度区域分布规律  

Regional distribution law of water-conducting fractured zone height in high-strength mining of thick and extra-thick coal seams in China

作　　者：张玉军[1,2,3] 申晨辉 张志巍 李友伟 ZHANG Yujun;SHEN Chenhui;ZHANG Zhiwei;LI Youwei(Coal Mining and Designing Department,Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization,Beijing 100013,China;China Coal Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [2]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [3]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京100013 [4]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2022年第5期38-48,共11页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学面上资助项目(52174079,51874177);天地科技创新创业基金资助项目(KJ-2021-KCMS-03)

摘　　要：收集了国内厚及特厚煤层综放和大采高综采条件下导水裂缝带高度实测数据,共计179组,其中坚硬覆岩51组,中硬覆岩100组,软弱覆岩28组。在此基础上按照我国14大煤炭基地分布分别列出了不同覆岩类型条件下的导水裂缝带高度和裂采比的范围,绘制了我国煤矿导水裂缝带高度分布图,以此数据为基础回归了导水裂缝带高度(简称“裂高”)预计公式,并重点分析了3个典型矿区导水裂缝带高度分布特征和主要影响因素,以及实测导水裂缝带高度数据之间存在较大差异性的原因,取得以下研究成果:从全国区域来看,实测平均裂采比随着岩性由软弱、中硬到坚硬依次递增,坚硬覆岩的平均裂高分别是中硬覆岩和软弱覆岩的1.52倍和2.29倍,中硬覆岩平均裂高是软弱覆岩的1.5倍;不同覆岩岩性的导水裂缝带高度都随着采厚的增加而增加,且坚硬覆岩条件下增加的速率明显要高于中硬和软弱覆岩;裂采比则随着采厚的增加而降低,且减小速率随着采厚达到一定厚度有趋于稳定的趋势。黄陇基地永陇-彬长矿区属于中硬覆岩类型,导水裂缝带高度和裂采比明显高于我国东部矿区,工作面长度大于170 m时导水裂缝带发育高度受工作面长度影响较大,其高度及裂采比随着工作面长度增加,呈增高增大趋势。蒙东(东北)基地扎赉诺尔矿区属于极软弱类覆岩,针对该类型覆岩条件,依据导水裂缝带发育高度长期实践数据,最小裂采比仅为5,采厚达到16 m时仅为全国软弱覆岩平均裂采比的68%,并提出采用趋势分析方法来预计极软弱覆岩条件下的导水裂缝带发育高度。神东基地浅埋矿区具有埋深浅、基岩薄、土层厚、高强度开采的特点,实测获得的导水裂缝带高度差异性极大,裂采比集中在19~28,最大达到35,明显高于全国尤其是东部矿区中硬覆岩条件的裂采比;但是部分矿井由于厚层红土层赋存对导The measured data of the height of water-conducting fractured zone under fully-mechanized top-coal caving and large mining height fully-mechanized mining of thick and extra-thick coal seams in China were collected.A total of 179 groups were collected,inclu⁃ding 51 groups of hard overlying rocks,100 groups of medium-hard overlying rocks and 28 groups of soft overlying rocks.On this basis of the distribution of the 14 major coal bases in China,the height of the water-conducting fracture zone and the range of the fracture-mining ratio under different overlying rock types were listed,and the height distribution map of the water-conducting fracture zone China’s coal mines was drawn.Based on the regression of the predicted formula for the height of the water-conducting fracture zone(referred to as“crack height”),the distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of the height of the water-conducting fracture zone in three typical mining areas were analyzed,as well as the differences between the measured water-conducting fracture zone height data.The fol⁃lowing research results were obtained:from a national perspective,the measured average fracture-mining ratio increases with the lithology from soft,medium-hard to hard,and the average fracture height value of hard overlying rock is 1.52 times and 2.29 times that of mediumhard overlying rocks and soft overlying rocks,respectively.The average crack height of medium-hard overlying rock is 1.5 times that of soft overlying rocks;the height of water-conducting fracture zones of different overburden lithologies increases with the increase of mining thickness,and the rate of increase under hard rock conditions is significantly higher than that of medium and weak overlying rocks;the fracture mining ratio decreases with the increase of mining thickness,and the decreasing rate tends to stable with the mining thickness reaching a certain thickness.The Huanglong-Binchang Mining Area of Huanglong Base belongs to the type of medium-hard covered rock,and the height

关 键 词：厚及特厚煤层 高强度开采 导水裂缝带 区域分布 导水裂缝带高度 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]