侵犯商业秘密犯罪实证分析及预防策略——以三级犯罪预防理论为视角  

Empirical Analysis of Trade Secret Infringement Crimes and Prevention Strategies——Three Levels of Crime Prevention Theory as a Perspective

作　　者：王枫梧 WANG Fengwu(Hangzhou Public Security Bureau,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市公安局,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2022年第2期32-41,共10页Journal of Henan Police College

基　　金：中共浙江省委政法委员会、浙江省法学会法学研究课题“新型网络犯罪治理的问题与对策研究——以浙江省为例”(2021NB08);公安部公安理论及软科学研究计划项目“技术侦查证据使用与排除问题研究”(2017LLYJZJST042)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：侵犯商业秘密犯罪已成为当今社会关注的一种犯罪形态,针对该类犯罪的预防是加大商业秘密保护的应有之义。对32份侵犯商业秘密刑事案件裁判文书进行实证分析,发现案件分布区域化、被告人员重点化、技术信息高侵化、泄密途径二元化、保密措施争议化、惩处手段简单化等犯罪规律、行为特点及司法特征。基于犯罪学三级预防理论建构犯罪预防体系是应对侵犯商业秘密犯罪的有效策略。初级预防需要从加强员工管理、加强保密措施、加强企业自律、加强警示教育等方面进行社会预防;次级预防需要从增加犯罪困难、增加犯罪风险、降低犯罪诱惑、消除犯罪借口等方面进行情境预防;三级预防需要从加大罚金刑适用、重构重大损失认定模式、充分运用从业禁止、建立个人信用制度等方面进行刑事司法预防。Infringement of trade secrets crime has become a crime form of social concern today, therefore, the prevention of this type of crime is to increase the protection of trade secrets. Based on the empirical analysis of 32 criminal cases of infringement of trade secrets, it is found that the distribution of the cases is regionalized, the defendants are focused, the technical information is highly intrusive, the channels of leakage are dualized, the confidentiality measures are controversial, and the punishment methods are simplified. Constructing a crime prevention system based on criminological three-level prevention theory is an effective strategy to deal with crimes against trade secrets. Primary prevention requires social prevention from strengthening employee management, strengthening confidentiality measures, strengthening enterprise self-discipline, strengthening warning education, etc.;secondary prevention requires situational prevention from increasing crime difficulties, increasing crime risks, reducing crime temptations, eliminating crime excuses, etc.;and tertiary prevention requires criminal justice prevention in terms of increasing the application of fines, reconstructing the mode of determining significant losses, fully applying the prohibition of practice, and establishing personal credit system.

关 键 词：侵犯商业秘密 三级预防理论 侵犯商业秘密犯罪预防体系 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]