妨害传染病防治罪中的因果关系判断  

On the Judgment of Causality in the Crime of Obstructing the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases

作　　者：敦宁[1] 任学婧[1] DUN Ning;REN Xuejing(Law School,Hebei University,Baot ling 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学法学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2022年第2期64-72,共9页Journal of Henan Police College

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“预防型犯罪的法治体系构造研究”(19BFX068);河北省教育厅人文社科研究重大攻关项目“基于良法善治的医疗卫生犯罪治理体系建构研究”(ZD202001)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：妨害传染病防治罪中的因果关系是指该罪的实行行为与实害结果之间的引起与被引起关系。在刑法学中,传统的因果关系理论是“相当因果关系说”,其以一般生活经验和科学证据法则为判断基础,目的是寻求一种可以证实的、确定性的因果关联。由于传染病的传播具有隐蔽性、复杂性、不确定性等特征,在妨害传染病防治罪中实现这种因果关系的证明极其困难。为化解司法困境、实现合理规制,可以在该罪的因果关系判断中引入疫学因果关系理论,即运用统计学概率论原理和流行病学法则来认定因果关系。其基本的判断逻辑为:第一步,确定行为和结果的时序性;第二步,确定行为场所、活动轨迹和接触史的重合性;第三步,确定因果关系的合规律性。在实践中,应当尽可能实现司法判断的规范化和精细化。The causal relationship in the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases refers to the relationship between the act of committing the crime and the actual harm caused. In criminal law, the traditional theory of causation is the "equivalent causation theory", which is based on general life experience and scientific evidence, and aims to find a verifiable and definite causal connection. Due to the concealment, complexity and uncertainty of the spread of infectious diseases, it is extremely difficult to prove the causal relationship in the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. In order to solve the judicial dilemma and achieve reasonable regulation, we can introduce the theory of epidemiological causality in the judgment of causality of this crime, that is, we can use the statistical probability theory principles and epidemiological laws to determine the causal relationship. The basic judgment logic is: the first step is to determine the temporal sequence of behavior and results;the second step is to determine the overlap of behavior sites, activity trajectories and exposure histories;and the third step is to determine the compliance of causality. In practice, the standardization and refinement of judicial judgment should be realized as much as possible.

关 键 词：妨害传染病防治罪 相当因果关系 疫学因果关系 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]